Churchill Coin World War II Medal Silver London UK I Great Britian Old

Description: 1965 Commerative Crown Winston Churchill This is a Uncirculated British Commerative Winston Churchull Coin from 1965 It has a image of the great leader and his name on the back is the queenThe size is 39mm and it weight 28 grams or one ounce It is Silver Coloured and made of Cupro Nickel Winston Churchill was vote the Greatest Britian Ever after he won World War II beating Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany I have other coins on Ebay so Please take a look at my other itemsBuy with Confidence please read my feedback from over 600 satisfied customerRead how quickly they receive their items - I post all my items within 24 hours of receiving payment International customers are welcome. 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RA (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British politician, best known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. Widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the 20th century, he served as Prime Minister twice (1940–45 and 1951–55). A noted statesman and orator, Churchill was also an officer in the British Army, a historian, a writer, and an artist. He is the only British prime minister to have received the Nobel Prize in Literature and was the first person to be made an Honorary Citizen of the United States. Churchill was born into an aristocratic family as the grandson of the 7th Duke of Marlborough. His father, Lord Randolph Churchill, was a charismatic politician who served as Chancellor of the Exchequer; his mother, Jennie Jerome, was an American socialite. As a young army officer, he saw action in British India, the Sudan, and the Second Boer War. He gained fame as a war correspondent and wrote books about his campaigns. At the forefront of politics for fifty years, he held many political and cabinet positions. Before the First World War, he served as President of the Board of Trade, Home Secretary, and First Lord of the Admiralty as part of the Asquith Liberal government. During the war, he continued as First Lord of the Admiralty until the disastrous Gallipoli Campaign caused his departure from government. He then briefly resumed active army service on the Western Front as commander of the 6th Battalion of the Royal Scots Fusiliers. He returned to government as Minister of Munitions, Secretary of State for War, and Secretary of State for Air. After the War, Churchill served as Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Conservative (Baldwin) government of 1924–29, controversially returning the pound sterling in 1925 to the gold standard at its pre-war parity, a move widely seen as creating deflationary pressure on the UK economy. Also controversial was his opposition to increased home rule for India and his resistance to the 1936 abdication of Edward VIII. Out of office and politically "in the wilderness" during the 1930s, Churchill took the lead in warning about Nazi Germany and in campaigning for rearmament. On the outbreak of the Second World War, he was again appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. Following the resignation of Neville Chamberlain on 10 May 1940, Churchill became Prime Minister. His steadfast refusal to consider defeat, surrender, or a compromise peace helped inspire British resistance, especially during the difficult early days of the War when Britain stood alone among European countries in its active opposition to Adolf Hitler. Churchill was particularly noted for his speeches and radio broadcasts, which helped inspire the British people. He led Britain as Prime Minister until victory over Nazi Germany had been secured. After the Conservative Party lost the 1945 election, he became Leader of the Opposition to the Labour (Attlee) government. After winning the 1951 election, he again became Prime Minister, before retiring in 1955. Upon his death, Elizabeth II granted him the honour of a state funeral, which saw one of the largest assemblies of world statesmen in history.[1] Named the Greatest Briton of all time in a 2002 poll, Churchill is widely regarded as being among the most influential people in British history. Prime Minister of the United Kingdom In office 26 October 1951 – 7 April 1955 Monarch George VI Elizabeth II Deputy Anthony Eden Preceded by Clement Attlee Succeeded by Anthony Eden In office 10 May 1940 – 26 July 1945 Monarch George VI Deputy Clement Attlee Preceded by Neville Chamberlain Succeeded by Clement Attlee Leader of the Opposition In office 26 July 1945 – 26 October 1951 Monarch George VI Prime Minister Clement Attlee Preceded by Clement Attlee Succeeded by Clement Attlee Leader of the Conservative Party In office 9 November 1940 – 7 April 1955 Preceded by Neville Chamberlain Succeeded by Anthony Eden Secretary of State for Defence In office 28 October 1951 – 1 March 1952 Prime Minister Himself Preceded by Emanuel Shinwell Succeeded by The Earl Alexander of Tunis In office 10 May 1940 – 26 July 1945 Prime Minister Himself Preceded by The Lord Chatfield (Minister for Coordination of Defence) Succeeded by Clement Attlee Chancellor of the Exchequer In office 6 November 1924 – 4 June 1929 Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin Preceded by Philip Snowden Succeeded by Philip Snowden Home Secretary In office 19 February 1910 – 24 October 1911 Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith Preceded by Herbert Gladstone Succeeded by Reginald McKenna President of the Board of Trade In office 12 April 1908 – 14 February 1910 Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith Preceded by David Lloyd George Succeeded by Sydney Buxton Member of Parliament for Woodford In office 5 July 1945 – 15 October 1964 Preceded by New Constituency Succeeded by Patrick Jenkin Member of Parliament for Epping In office 29 October 1924 – 5 July 1945 Preceded by Sir Leonard Lyle Succeeded by Leah Manning Member of Parliament for Dundee with Alexander Wilkie In office 24 April 1908 – 15 November 1922 Preceded by Alexander Wilkie Edmund Robertson Succeeded by Edmund Morel Edwin Scrymgeour Member of Parliament for Manchester North West In office 8 February 1906 – 24 April 1908 Preceded by William Houldsworth Succeeded by William Joynson-Hicks Member of Parliament for Oldham with Alfred Emmott In office 24 October 1900 – 12 January 1906 Preceded by Walter Runciman Alfred Emmott Succeeded by Alfred Emmott John Albert Bright Personal details Born Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill 30 November 1874 Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England, United Kingdom Died 24 January 1965 (aged 90) 28 Hyde Park Gate, London, England Resting place St Martin's Church, Bladon, Oxfordshire Citizenship British Nationality English Political party Conservative (1900–04, 1924–64) Liberal (1904–24) Spouse(s) Clementine Churchill 1908–1965 (his death) Relations Lord Randolph Churchill (father) Lady Randolph Churchill (mother) John Strange Spencer-Churchill (brother) Pamela Harriman (former daughter-in-law) Winston Churchill (grandson) Children Diana Churchill Randolph Churchill Sarah Tuchet-Jesson Marigold Churchill Mary Soames Residence 10 Downing Street (official) Chartwell (private) 28 Hyde Park Gate, London (private) Alma mater Harrow School Royal Military Academy Sandhurst Profession Member of Parliament, statesman, soldier, journalist, historian, author, painter Religion Anglican Signature Military service Allegiance Flag of the United Kingdom.svg British Empire Service/branch Flag of the British Army.svg British Army Years of service 1895–1900, 1902–24 Rank Lieutenant-Colonel Battles/wars Anglo-Afghan War · Siege of Malakand Mahdist War · Battle of Omdurman Second Boer War · Siege of Ladysmith First World War · Western Front Awards Galó de l'Orde del Mèrit (UK).png Order of Merit Order of Companions of Honour ribbon.png Companion of Honour India Medal BAR.svg India Medal Queens Sudan Medal BAR.svg Queen's Sudan Medal Queens South Africa Medal 1899-1902 ribbon.png Queen's South Africa Medal 1914 Star BAR.svg 1914–15 Star British War Medal BAR.svg British War Medal Allied Victory Medal BAR.svg Victory Medal Territorial Decoration (UK) ribbon.PNG Territorial Decoration Winston Churchill Winston Churchill Winston Churchill as historian Winston Churchill as writer Winston Churchill in politics: 1900-1939 Honours of Winston Churchill Later life of Winston Churchill Chartwell Blenheim Palace St Martin's Church, Bladon Churchill portrait NYP 45063.jpg Writings The Story of the Malakand Field Force Savrola The River War London to Ladysmith via Pretoria Ian Hamilton's March Lord Randolph Churchill The World Crisis My Early Life Marlborough: His Life and Times Great Contemporaries While England Slept The Second World War A History of the English-Speaking Peoples Speeches Blood, toil, tears, and sweat Be Ye Men of Valour We shall fight on the beaches This was their finest hour Never was so much owed by so many to so few Family Father: Lord Randolph Churchill Mother: Lady Randolph Churchill Brother: John Strange Spencer-Churchill Wife: Clementine Churchill, Baroness Spencer-Churchill Children: Diana Randolph Sarah Marigold Mary Grandchildren [hide] v t e List of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom Kingdom of Great Britain Walpole Wilmington Pelham Newcastle Devonshire Newcastle Bute G Grenville Rockingham Chatham (Pitt the Elder) Grafton North Rockingham Shelburne Portland Pitt the Younger United Kingdom Pitt the Younger Addington Pitt the Younger W Grenville Portland Perceval Liverpool Canning Goderich Wellington Grey Melbourne Wellington Peel Melbourne Peel Russell Derby Aberdeen Palmerston Derby Palmerston Russell Derby Disraeli Gladstone Beaconsfield (Disraeli) Gladstone Salisbury Gladstone Salisbury Gladstone Rosebery Salisbury Balfour Campbell-Bannerman Asquith Lloyd George Bonar Law Baldwin MacDonald Baldwin MacDonald Baldwin Chamberlain Churchill Attlee Churchill Eden Macmillan Douglas-Home Wilson Heath Wilson Callaghan Thatcher Major Blair Brown Cameron Wikipedia book Book Category Category Commons [hide] v t e Chancellors of the Exchequer of England Eustace of Fauconberg Maunsell Leicestre Westminster Giffard de la Leye Willoughby Benstead Sandale Hotham Stanton Harvington Wodehouse Stratford Ashby Ashton Somerset Browne Witham Thwaites Witham Fowler Catesby Lovell Berners Cromwell Baker Sackville Mildmay Fortescue Dunbar Caesar Greville Portland Barrett Cottington Colepeper Hyde Ashley Duncombe Ernle Delamer Hampden Montagu Smith Boyle of Great Britain Boyle Smith Harley Benson Wyndham Onslow Walpole Stanhope Aislabie Pratt Walpole Sandys Pelham Lee Bilson-Legge Lyttelton Bilson-Legge Mansfield Bilson-Legge Barrington Dashwood Grenville Dowdeswell Townshend North Cavendish Pitt Cavendish Pitt Addington Pitt Petty Perceval Vansittart of the United Kingdom Vansittart Robinson Canning Tenterden Herries Goulburn Althorp Denman Peel Spring Rice Baring Goulburn Wood Disraeli Gladstone Lewis Disraeli Gladstone Disraeli Hunt Lowe Gladstone Northcote Gladstone Childers Hicks Beach Harcourt R Churchill Goschen Harcourt Hicks Beach Ritchie A Chamberlain Asquith Lloyd George McKenna Bonar Law A Chamberlain Horne Baldwin N Chamberlain Snowden W Churchill Snowden N Chamberlain Simon Wood Anderson Dalton Cripps Gaitskell Butler Macmillan Thorneycroft Heathcoat-Amory Lloyd Maudling Callaghan Jenkins Macleod Barber Healey Howe Lawson Major Lamont Clarke Brown Darling Osborne [hide] v t e Home Secretaries of the United Kingdom Secretary of State for the Home Department Shelburne Townshend North Temple Sydney Grenville Dundas Portland Pelham Yorke Hawkesbury Spencer Liverpool Ryder Sidmouth Peel Sturges Bourne Lansdowne Peel Melbourne Duncannon Wellington Goulburn Russell Normanby Graham Grey Walpole Palmerston Grey Walpole Sotheron-Estcourt Lewis Grey Walpole Hardy Bruce Lowe Cross Harcourt Cross Childers Matthews Asquith Ridley Ritchie Akers-Douglas Gladstone Churchill McKenna Simon Samuel Cave Shortt Bridgeman Henderson Joynson-Hicks Clynes Samuel Gilmour Simon Hoare Anderson Morrison Somervell Chuter Ede Maxwell-Fyfe Lloyd George Butler Brooke Soskice Jenkins Callaghan Maudling Carr Jenkins Rees Whitelaw Brittan Hurd Waddington Baker K. Clarke Howard Straw Blunkett C. Clarke Reid Smith Johnson May Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (HM Government).svg [hide] v t e Defence Secretaries of the United Kingdom Ministers for Defence Winston Churchill Clement Attlee A. V. Alexander Manny Shinwell Winston Churchill The Earl Alexander of Tunis Harold Macmillan Selwyn Lloyd Sir Walter Monckton Anthony Head Duncan Sandys Harold Watkinson Peter Thorneycroft Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (HM Government).svg Secretaries of State for Defence Peter Thorneycroft Denis Healey The Lord Carrington Ian Gilmour Roy Mason Fred Mulley Francis Pym John Nott Michael Heseltine George Younger Tom King Malcolm Rifkind Michael Portillo George Robertson Geoff Hoon John Reid Des Browne John Hutton Bob Ainsworth Liam Fox Philip Hammond [hide] v t e Presidents of the Board of Trade Shaftesbury Bridgewater Stamford Weymouth Stamford Winchilsea Guilford Berkeley Suffolk Holderness Fitzwalter Monson Halifax Sandys Townshend Shelburne Hillsborough Dartmouth Hillsborough Nugent Hillsborough Dartmouth Sackville Carlisle Grantham Sydney Liverpool Montrose Auckland Bathurst Clancarty Robinson Huskisson Grant Vesey-Fitzgerald Herries Auckland Thomson Baring Thomson Labouchere Ripon Gladstone Dalhousie Clarendon Labouchere Henley Cardwell Stanley Henley Dnoughmore Gibson Northcote Richmond Bright Parkinson-Fortescue Adderley Sandon Chamberlain Richmond Stanhope Mundella Stanley Hicks Beach Mundella Bryce Ritchie Balfour Salisbury Lloyd George Churchill Buxton Burns Runciman Stanley Geddes Horne Baldwin Cunliffe-Lister Graham Cunliffe-Lister Runciman Stanley Duncan Lyttelton Duncan Llewellin Dalton Lyttelton Cripps Wilson Shawcross Thorneycroft Eccles Maulding Erroll Heath Jay Crosland Mason Noble Davies Walker Benn Varley Joseph Jenkin Shore Dell Smith Nott Biffen Cockfield Parkinson Tebbit Brittan Channon Young Ridley Lilley Heseltine Lang Beckett Mandelson Byers Hewitt Johnson Darling Hutton Mandelson Cable Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (HM Government).svg [hide] v t e Leaders of the House of Commons Walpole Sandys Pelham Robinson H Fox Pitt the Elder Vacant (Caretaker Ministry) Pitt the Elder Grenville H Fox Grenville Conway North C Fox Townshend (C Fox/North) Pitt the Younger Addington Pitt the Younger C Fox Howick Perceval Castlereagh Canning Huskisson Peel Althorp Peel Russell Disraeli Russell Palmerston Disraeli Palmerston Gladstone Disraeli Gladstone Northcote Gladstone Hicks-Beach Gladstone R Churchill Smith Balfour Gladstone Harcourt Balfour Campbell-Bannerman Asquith Bonar Law A Chamberlain Bonar Law Baldwin MacDonald Baldwin MacDonald Baldwin MacDonald Baldwin N Chamberlain W Churchill Cripps Eden Morrison Chuter Ede Crookshank Butler Macleod Lloyd Bowden Crossman Peart Whitelaw Carr Prior Short Foot St John-Stevas Pym Biffen Wakeham Howe MacGregor Newton Taylor Beckett Cook Reid Hain Hoon Straw Harman Young [hide] v t e Minister of Munitions of the United Kingdom David Lloyd George Edwin Samuel Montagu Christopher Addison Winston Churchill Lord Iverforth [hide] v t e Fathers of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom Fagg Turgis Musgrave Strangeways Onslow Erle Vaughan Vaughan Powlett Isham Turner Bradshaigh Ashe Cartwright Shuttleworth Gybbon Rushout Aislabie FitzRoy-Scudamore Nugent Frederick Ellis Drake Stephens Tudway Aubrey Smith Byng Williams-Wynn Harcourt Burrell Lowther Williams Lowry-Corry Weld-Forester Talbot Villiers Mowbray Beach Hicks Beach Finch Campbell-Bannerman Kennaway Burt O'Connor Lloyd George Turnour O'Neill Grenfell Churchill Butler Turton Strauss Parker Callaghan Braine Heath Dalyell Williams Tapsell [hide] v t e Conservative Party [hide] History History of the Conservative Party History of conservatism in Great Britain Tory Party [hide] Leadership House of Lords (1828–1922) The Duke of Wellington The Earl of Derby The Earl of Malmesbury The Lord Cairns The Duke of Richmond, Lennox & Gordon The Earl of Beaconsfield The Marquess of Salisbury The Duke of Devonshire The Marquess of Lansdowne The Marquess Curzon of Kedleston House of Commons (1834–1922) Sir Robert Peel The Lord George Bentinck Marquess of Granby vacant (1848–1849) Benjamin Disraeli / Marquess of Granby / John Charles Herries Benjamin Disraeli Sir Stafford Northcote Sir Michael Hicks Beach The Lord Randolph Churchill W.H. Smith Arthur Balfour Andrew Bonar Law Sir Austen Chamberlain Leaders (1922–) Andrew Bonar Law Stanley Baldwin Neville Chamberlain Sir Winston Churchill Sir Anthony Eden Harold Macmillan Sir Alec Douglas-Home Edward Heath Margaret Thatcher John Major William Hague Iain Duncan Smith Michael Howard David Cameron Chairmen (1911-) Steel-Maitland Younger Jackson Davidson Chamberlain Baird Hacking Dugdale Assheton Woolton Poole Hailsham Butler Macleod Blakenham du Cann Barber Thomas Carrington Whitelaw Thorneycroft Parkinson Gummer Tebbit Brooke Baker Patten Fowler Hanley Mawhinney Parkinson Ancram Davis May Fox Saatchi Maude Spelman Pickles Warsi Feldman Shapps [hide] Leadership elections 1965 (Heath) 1975 (Thatcher) 1989 1990 (Major) 1995 1997 (Hague) 2001 (Duncan Smith) 2003 (Howard) 2005 (Cameron) [hide] Related organisations 1922 Committee Association of Conservative Clubs The Atlantic Bridge Bow Group Bruges Group Carlton Club Centre for Policy Studies Centre for Social Justice Conservative Animal Welfare Group Conservative Campaign Headquarters Conservative Christian Fellowship Conservative Business Relations Conservative Countryside Forum Conservative Disability Group Conservative Europe Group Conservative Friends of America Conservative Friends of Gibraltar Conservative Friends of Israel Conservative Friends of Turkey Conservative Future Conservative History Group Conservative Humanist Association Conservative Mainstream Conservative Medical Society Conservative Muslim Forum Conservative National Education Society Conservative National Property Advisory Committee Conservative Party Archive Trust Conservative Research Department Conservative Rural Action Group Conservative Technology Forum Conservative Trade Unionists Conservative Transport Group Conservative Way Forward Conservative Women National Committee Conservatives 4 Cities Conservatives at Work Conservatives for International Travel Cornerstone Group Countryside Alliance European Democrats European Foundation Fresh Start International Democrat Union LGBTory Macleod Group Margaret Thatcher Foundation Monday Club 92 Group No Campaign No Turning Back Policy Exchange Society of Conservative Lawyers Tory Green Initiative Tory Reform Group Ulster Unionist Party Renewing One Nation Young Britons' Foundation DodgerBlue flag waving.svg Conservatism Portal [hide] v t e War Cabinet of Winston Churchill Prime Minister Minister of Defence Winston Churchill (1940–1945) Photograph Deputy Prime Minister Clement Attlee (1942–1945) Lord President of the Council Neville Chamberlain (1940) Sir John Anderson (1940–1943) Clement Attlee (1943–1945) Lord Privy Seal Clement Attlee (1940–1942) Sir Stafford Cripps (1942) Chancellor of the Exchequer Sir Kingsley Wood (1940–1942) Sir John Anderson (1943–1945) Foreign Secretary Viscount Halifax (1940) Anthony Eden (1940–1945) Home Secretary Herbert Morrison (1940–1945) Minister of Aircraft Production Lord Beaverbrook (1940–1941) Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs Clement Attlee (1942–1943) Minister of Labour and National Service Ernest Bevin (1940–1945) Minister Resident Middle East Oliver Lyttelton (1942) Richard Casey (1942–1944) Lord Moyne (1944) Minister without Portfolio Arthur Greenwood (1940–1942) Minister of Reconstruction Lord Woolton (1943–1945) Minister of State Lord Beaverbrook (1941) Minister of Supply Lord Beaverbrook (1941–1942) Minister of Production Lord Beaverbrook (1942) Oliver Lyttelton (1942–1945) [hide] v t e Caretaker Cabinet of Winston Churchill (May–July 1945) Lord President of the Council Lord Woolton Photograph Lord Privy Seal Lord Beaverbrook Chancellor of the Exchequer Sir John Anderson Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden Home Secretary Sir Donald Somervell First Lord of the Admiralty Brendan Bracken Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Robert Hudson Secretary of State for Air Harold Macmillan Secretary of State for the Colonies Oliver Stanley Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs Viscount Cranborne Minister of Education Richard Law Secretary of State for India and Burma Leo Amery Minister of Labour and National Service Rab Butler Minister of Production President of the Board of Trade Oliver Lyttelton Secretary of State for Scotland The Earl of Rosebery Secretary of State for War Sir P. J. Grigg [hide] v t e Cabinet of Sir Winston Churchill (1951–1955) Prime Minister First Lord of the Treasury Sir Winston Churchill (1951–55) Photograph Lord Chancellor The Lord Simonds (1951–54) The Viscount Kilmuir (1954–55) Lord President of the Council The Lord Woolton (1951–52) The Marquess of Salisbury (1952–55) Lord Privy Seal The Marquess of Salisbury (1951–52) Harry Crookshank (1952–55) Chancellor of the Exchequer Rab Butler (1951–55) Foreign Secretary Sir Anthony Eden (1951–55) Home Secretary Welsh Secretary Sir David Maxwell Fyfe (1951–54) Gwilym Lloyd George (1954–55) Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries David Heathcoat-Armory (1954–55) Secretary of State for the Colonies Oliver Lyttelton (1951–54) Alan Lennox-Boyd (1954–55) Minister for Coordination of Transport, Fuel and Power The Lord Leathers (1951–53) Minister of Defence Winston Churchill (1951–52) The Earl Alexander of Tunis (1952–54) Harold Macmillan (1954–55) Minister of Education Sir David Eccles (1954–55) Minister of Health Harry Crookshank (1951–52) Ministry of Housing and Local Government Harold Macmillan (1951–54) Duncan Sandys (1954–55) Minister of Labour and National Service Sir Walter Monckton (1951–55) Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster The Lord Woolton (1952–55) Minister of Materials The Lord Woolton (1953–55) Paymaster General The Lord Cherwell (1951–53) Secretary of State for Scotland James Stuart (1951–55) [hide] v t e War Cabinet of Neville Chamberlain (1939–1940) Prime Minister Leader of the House of Commons Neville Chamberlain (1939–1940) Arthur-Neville-Chamberlain.jpg Lord Privy Seal Sir Samuel Hoare (1939–1940) Sir Kingsley Wood (1940) Chancellor of the Exchequer Sir John Simon (1939–1940) Foreign Secretary Lord Halifax (1939–1940) Secretary of State for War Leslie Hore-Belisha (1939–1940) Oliver Stanley (1940) Secretary of State for Air Sir Kingsley Wood (1939–1940) Sir Samuel Hoare (1940) First Lord of the Admirality Winston Churchill (1939–1940) Minister for Coordination of Defence Lord Chatfield (1939–1940) Minister without Portfolio Lord Hankey (1939–1940) [hide] v t e Cold War Participants and notable figures ANZUS NATO Non-Aligned Movement SEATO Warsaw Pact 1940s Yalta Conference Operation Unthinkable Potsdam Conference Gouzenko Affair War in Vietnam (1945–1946) Iran crisis of 1946 Greek Civil War Corfu Channel incident Restatement of Policy on Germany First Indochina War Truman Doctrine Asian Relations Conference Marshall Plan Czechoslovak coup d'état of 1948 Tito–Stalin split Berlin Blockade Western betrayal Iron Curtain Eastern Bloc Western Bloc Chinese Civil War (Second round) 1950s Bamboo Curtain Korean War 1953 Iranian coup d'état Uprising of 1953 in East Germany 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état Partition of Vietnam First Taiwan Strait Crisis Geneva Summit (1955) Poznań 1956 protests Hungarian Revolution of 1956 Suez Crisis Sputnik crisis Second Taiwan Strait Crisis Cuban Revolution Kitchen Debate Asian–African Conference Bricker Amendment McCarthyism Operation Gladio Iraqi July Revolution Hallstein Doctrine 1960s Congo Crisis Sino-Soviet split 1960 U-2 incident Bay of Pigs Invasion Berlin Wall Portuguese Colonial War (Angolan War of Independence Guinea-Bissau War of Independence Mozambican War of Independence) Cuban missile crisis Iraqi Ramadan Revolution 1963 Syrian coup d'état[citation needed] November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état[citation needed] Vietnam War 1964 Brazilian coup d'état United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1965–1966) South African Border War Transition to the New Order Domino theory ASEAN Declaration Laotian Civil War 1966 Syrian coup d'état[citation needed] Argentine Revolution Korean DMZ Conflict Greek military junta of 1967–1974 USS Pueblo incident Six-Day War War of Attrition Cultural Revolution Sino-Indian War Prague Spring Invasion of Czechoslovakia Iraqi Ba'athist Revolution Goulash Communism Sino-Soviet border conflict 1970s Détente Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Black September in Jordan 1970 Syrian Corrective Revolution[citation needed] Cambodian Civil War Realpolitik Ping Pong Diplomacy Four Power Agreement on Berlin 1972 Nixon visit to China 1973 Chilean coup d'état Yom Kippur War Carnation Revolution Strategic Arms Limitation Talks Rhodesian Bush War Angolan Civil War Mozambican Civil War Ogaden War Ethiopian Civil War Lebanese Civil War Sino-Albanian split Cambodian–Vietnamese War Sino-Vietnamese War Iranian Revolution Operation Condor Dirty War Bangladesh Liberation War Korean Air Lines Flight 902 1980s Soviet war in Afghanistan 1980 and 1984 Summer Olympics boycotts Solidarity Soviet reaction Contras Central American crisis RYAN Korean Air Lines Flight 007 Able Archer 83 Star Wars Invasion of Grenada People Power Revolution Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 United States invasion of Panama Fall of the Berlin Wall Revolutions of 1989 Glasnost Perestroika 1990s Democratic Revolution in Mongolia Breakup of Yugoslavia Dissolution of the Soviet Union Dissolution of Czechoslovakia Foreign policy Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Containment Eisenhower Doctrine Domino theory Kennedy Doctrine Peaceful coexistence Ostpolitik Johnson Doctrine Brezhnev Doctrine Nixon Doctrine Ulbricht Doctrine Carter Doctrine Reagan Doctrine Rollback Ideologies Capitalism Chicago school Keynesianism Monetarism Neoclassical economics Reaganomics Supply-side economics Thatcherism Communism Marxism–Leninism Castroism Eurocommunism Guevarism Hoxhaism Juche Maoism Stalinism Titoism Liberal democracy Social democracy Organizations ASEAN CIA Comecon EEC KGB Safari Club MI6 Stasi Propaganda Active measures Izvestia Pravda Crusade for Freedom Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Red Scare TASS Voice of America Voice of Russia Races Arms race Nuclear arms race Space Race See also Brinkmanship NATO–Russia relations Soviet and Russian espionage in U.S. Soviet Union–United States relations US–Soviet summits Category Portal Timeline List of conflicts [hide] v t e Notable figures of the Cold War Soviet Union Joseph Stalin Vyacheslav Molotov Georgy Malenkov Andrei Gromyko Nikita Khrushchev Anatoly Dobrynin Leonid Brezhnev Alexei Kosygin Yuri Andropov Konstantin Chernenko Mikhail Gorbachev Nikolai Ryzhkov Eduard Shevardnadze Gennady Yanayev Boris Yeltsin United States Harry S. Truman George Marshall Joseph McCarthy Dwight D. Eisenhower John Foster Dulles Francis Gary Powers John F. Kennedy Robert F. Kennedy Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. Robert McNamara Lyndon B. Johnson Richard Nixon Henry Kissinger Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter Ronald Reagan George P. Shultz Caspar Weinberger George Bush China and Taiwan Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong Lin Biao Zhou Enlai Hua Guofeng Deng Xiaoping Chiang Ching-kuo Hu Yaobang Zhao Ziyang Japan Hirohito Shigeru Yoshida Ichirō Hatoyama Germany Walter Ulbricht Konrad Adenauer Walter Hallstein Willy Brandt Helmut Schmidt Helmut Kohl Erich Honecker United Kingdom Winston Churchill Clement Attlee Ernest Bevin Anthony Eden Harold Macmillan Alec Douglas-Home Kim Philby Harold Wilson Edward Heath James Callaghan Margaret Thatcher Italy Alcide De Gasperi Palmiro Togliatti Giulio Andreotti Aldo Moro Enrico Berlinguer Francesco Cossiga Bettino Craxi France Charles de Gaulle Alain Poher Georges Pompidou Valéry Giscard d'Estaing François Mitterrand Northern Europe Urho Kekkonen Dag Hammarskjöld Spain Francisco Franco Luis Carrero Blanco Juan Carlos I of Spain Adolfo Suárez Felipe González Portugal António de Oliveira Salazar Marcelo Caetano Álvaro Cunhal Salgueiro Maia Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho António de Spínola Vasco Gonçalves António Ramalho Eanes Mário Soares Francisco de Sá Carneiro Aníbal Cavaco Silva Poland Bolesław Bierut Władysław Gomułka Edward Gierek Wojciech Jaruzelski Pope John Paul II Lech Wałęsa Canada William Lyon Mackenzie King Louis St. Laurent John Diefenbaker Lester B. Pearson Pierre Trudeau Joe Clark John Turner Brian Mulroney Kim Campbell Philippines Benigno Aquino, Jr. Corazon Aquino Juan Ponce Enrile Gregorio Honasan Nur Misuari Jose Maria Sison Diosdado Macapagal Ferdinand Marcos Imelda Marcos Fidel V. Ramos Africa Agostinho Neto José Eduardo dos Santos Jonas Savimbi (Angola) Denis Sassou Nguesso (Congo) Patrice Lumumba Mobutu Sese Seko (Congo/Zaire) Gamal Abdel Nasser Anwar Sadat (Egypt) Haile Selassie I Mengistu Haile Mariam (Ethiopia) Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana) Muammar Gaddafi (Libya) Ian Smith Joshua Nkomo Robert Mugabe (Rhodesia/Zimbabwe) Siad Barre (Somalia) B. J. Vorster P. W. Botha F. W. de Klerk Nelson Mandela (South Africa) Gaafar Nimeiry (Sudan) Julius Nyerere (Tanzania) Milton Obote Idi Amin (Uganda) Eastern Bloc Enver Hoxha (Albania) Todor Zhivkov (Bulgaria) Alexander Dubček (Czechoslovakia) Mátyás Rákosi Imre Nagy János Kádár (Hungary) Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej Nicolae Ceaușescu (Romania) Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia) Latin America Juan Perón Eva Perón Isabel Martínez de Perón Che Guevara Jorge Rafael Videla Leopoldo Galtieri (Argentina) Getúlio Vargas Luís Carlos Prestes Leonel Brizola João Goulart Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco (Brazil) Salvador Allende Augusto Pinochet (Chile) Fulgencio Batista Fidel Castro Raúl Castro (Cuba) Anastasio Somoza García Luis Somoza Debayle Anastasio Somoza Debayle Daniel Ortega (Nicaragua) Marcos Pérez Jiménez Rómulo Betancourt (Venezuela) Omar Torrijos Manuel Noriega (Panama) Jacobo Árbenz Carlos Castillo Armas Efraín Ríos Montt (Guatemala) Middle East Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Mohammad Mosaddegh Ruhollah Khomeini (Iran) Abd al-Karim Qasim Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr Saddam Hussein (Iraq) Golda Meir Menachem Begin Yasser Arafat (Israel/Palestine) Michel Aflaq Salah Jadid Hafez al-Assad (Syria) Faisal of Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabia) South and East Asia Nur Muhammad Taraki Hafizullah Amin Babrak Karmal Mohammad Najibullah Ahmad Shah Massoud (Afghanistan) Sheikh Mujibur Rahman (Bangladesh) U Nu Ne Win U Thant (Burma) Norodom Sihanouk Lon Nol Pol Pot Hun Sen (Cambodia) Indira Gandhi Jawaharlal Nehru (India) Sukarno Suharto Mohammad Hatta Adam Malik (Indonesia) Kim Il-sung Syngman Rhee Park Chung-hee (Korea) Ayub Khan Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (Pakistan) Ho Chi Minh Le Duan Ngo Dinh Diem Nguyen Van Thieu (Vietnam) Australia and the Pacific Robert Menzies Harold Holt Gough Whitlam (Australia) Keith Holyoake David Lange (New Zealand) Category Portal Timeline of events [hide] v t e Recipients of the Charlemagne Prize 1950–1969 1950 Richard Nikolaus Graf Coudenhove-Kalergi 1951 Hendrik Brugmans 1952 Alcide de Gasperi 1953 Jean Monnet 1954 Konrad Adenauer 1955 1956 Sir Winston S. Churchill 1957 Paul Henri Spaak 1958 Robert Schuman 1959 George C. Marshall 1960 Joseph Bech 1961 Walter Hallstein 1962 1963 Edward Heath 1964 Antonio Segni 1965 1966 Jens Otto Krag 1967 Joseph Luns 1968 1969 European Commission 1970–1989 1970 François Seydoux de Clausonne 1971 1972 Roy Jenkins 1973 Don Salvador de Madariaga 1974 1975 1976 Leo Tindemans 1977 Walter Scheel 1978 Konstantinos Karamanlis 1979 Emilio Colombo 1980 1981 Simone Veil 1982 King Juan Carlos I 1983 1984 1985 1986 People of Luxembourg 1987 Henry Kissinger 1988 François Mitterrand / Helmut Kohl 1989 Frère Roger 1990–2009 1990 Gyula Horn 1991 Václav Havel 1992 Jacques Delors 1993 Felipe González Márquez 1994 Gro Harlem Brundtland 1995 Franz Vranitzky 1996 Queen Beatrix 1997 Roman Herzog 1998 Bronisław Geremek 1999 Tony Blair 2000 Bill Clinton 2001 György Konrád 2002 Euro 2003 Valéry Giscard d'Estaing 2004 Pat Cox / Pope John Paul II1 2005 Carlo Azeglio Ciampi 2006 Jean-Claude Juncker 2007 Javier Solana 2008 Angela Merkel 2009 Andrea Riccardi 2010–2029 2010 Donald Tusk 2011 Jean-Claude Trichet 2012 Wolfgang Schäuble 1 Received extraordinary prize. [hide] v t e Nobel Laureates in Literature (1951–1975) Pär Lagerkvist (1951) François Mauriac (1952) Winston Churchill (1953) Ernest Hemingway (1954) Halldór Laxness (1955) Juan Ramón Jiménez (1956) Albert Camus (1957) Boris Pasternak (1958) Salvatore Quasimodo (1959) Saint-John Perse (1960) Ivo Andrić (1961) John Steinbeck (1962) Giorgos Seferis (1963) Jean-Paul Sartre (declined award) (1964) Mikhail Sholokhov (1965) Shmuel Yosef Agnon / Nelly Sachs (1966) Miguel Ángel Asturias (1967) Yasunari Kawabata (1968) Samuel Beckett (1969) Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn (1970) Pablo Neruda (1971) Heinrich Böll (1972) Patrick White (1973) Eyvind Johnson / Harry Martinson (1974) Eugenio Montale (1975) Complete list (1901–1925) (1926–1950) (1951–1975) (1976–2000) (2001–2025) [hide] v t e Time Persons of the Year [hide] 1927–1950 Charles Lindbergh (1927) Walter Chrysler (1928) Owen D. Young (1929) Mahatma Gandhi (1930) Pierre Laval (1931) Franklin D. Roosevelt (1932) Hugh Samuel Johnson (1933) Franklin D. Roosevelt (1934) Haile Selassie I (1935) Wallis Simpson (1936) Chiang Kai-shek / Soong May-ling (1937) Adolf Hitler (1938) Joseph Stalin (1939) Winston Churchill (1940) Franklin D. Roosevelt (1941) Joseph Stalin (1942) George Marshall (1943) Dwight D. Eisenhower (1944) Harry S. Truman (1945) James F. Byrnes (1946) George Marshall (1947) Harry S. Truman (1948) Winston Churchill (1949) The American Fighting-Man (1950) [hide] 1951–1975 Mohammed Mosaddeq (1951) Elizabeth II (1952) Konrad Adenauer (1953) John Foster Dulles (1954) Harlow Curtice (1955) Hungarian Freedom Fighters (1956) Nikita Khrushchev (1957) Charles de Gaulle (1958) Dwight D. Eisenhower (1959) U.S. Scientists: George Beadle / Charles Draper / John Enders / Donald A. Glaser / Joshua Lederberg / Willard Libby / Linus Pauling / Edward Purcell / Isidor Rabi / Emilio Segrè / William Shockley / Edward Teller / Charles Townes / James Van Allen / Robert Woodward (1960) John F. Kennedy (1961) Pope John XXIII (1962) Martin Luther King, Jr. (1963) Lyndon B. Johnson (1964) William Westmoreland (1965) The Generation Twenty-Five and Under (1966) Lyndon B. Johnson (1967) The Apollo 8 Astronauts: William Anders / Frank Borman / Jim Lovell (1968) The Middle Americans (1969) Willy Brandt (1970) Richard Nixon (1971) Henry Kissinger / Richard Nixon (1972) John Sirica (1973) King Faisal (1974) American Women: Susan Brownmiller / Kathleen Byerly / Alison Cheek / Jill Conway / Betty Ford / Ella Grasso / Carla Hills / Barbara Jordan / Billie Jean King / Susie Sharp / Carol Sutton / Addie Wyatt (1975) [hide] 1976–2000 Jimmy Carter (1976) Anwar Sadat (1977) Deng Xiaoping (1978) Ayatollah Khomeini (1979) Ronald Reagan (1980) Lech Wałęsa (1981) The Computer (1982) Ronald Reagan / Yuri Andropov (1983) Peter Ueberroth (1984) Deng Xiaoping (1985) Corazon Aquino (1986) Mikhail Gorbachev (1987) The Endangered Earth (1988) Mikhail Gorbachev (1989) George H. W. Bush (1990) Ted Turner (1991) Bill Clinton (1992) The Peacemakers: Yasser Arafat / F. W. de Klerk / Nelson Mandela / Yitzhak Rabin (1993) Pope John Paul II (1994) Newt Gingrich (1995) David Ho (1996) Andrew Grove (1997) Bill Clinton / Ken Starr (1998) Jeffrey P. Bezos (1999) George W. Bush (2000) [hide] 2001–present Rudolph Giuliani (2001) The Whistleblowers: Cynthia Cooper / Coleen Rowley / Sherron Watkins (2002) The American Soldier (2003) George W. Bush (2004) The Good Samaritans: Bono / Bill Gates / Melinda Gates (2005) You (2006) Vladimir Putin (2007) Barack Obama (2008) Ben Bernanke (2009) Mark Zuckerberg (2010) The Protester (2011) Barack Obama (2012) World War II (WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, with more than 100 million people serving in military units. In a state of "total war", the major participants placed their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities at the service of the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the only use of nuclear weapons in warfare, it resulted in 50 million to over 75 million fatalities. These deaths make World War II by far the deadliest conflict in human history.[1] The Empire of Japan aimed to dominate East Asia and was already at war with the Republic of China in 1937,[2] but the world war is generally said to have begun on 1 September, 1939 with the invasion of Poland by Germany and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and Britain. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany formed the Axis alliance with Italy, conquering or subduing much of continental Europe. Following the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories between themselves of their European neighbours, including Poland. The United Kingdom and the other members of the British Commonwealth were the only major Allied forces continuing the fight against the Axis, with battles taking place in North Africa as well as the long-running Battle of the Atlantic. In June 1941, the European Axis launched an invasion of the Soviet Union, giving a start to the largest land theatre of war in history, which tied down the major part of the Axis' military forces for the rest of the war. In December 1941, Japan joined the Axis, attacked the United States and European territories in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance was stopped in 1942, after Japan lost a series of naval battles and European Axis troops were defeated in North Africa and, decisively, at Stalingrad. In 1943, with a series of German defeats in Eastern Europe, the Allied invasion of Italy, and American victories in the Pacific, the Axis lost the initiative and undertook strategic retreat on all fronts. In 1944, the Western Allies invaded France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the United States defeated the Japanese Navy and captured key Western Pacific islands. The war in Europe ended with the capture of Berlin by Soviet and Polish troops and the subsequent German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945. Following the Potsdam Declaration by the Allies on 26 July 1945, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima on 6 August, and Nagasaki on 9 August. With an invasion of the Japanese archipelago imminent, and the Soviet Union having declared war on Japan by invading Manchuria, Japan surrendered on 15 August 1945, ending the war in Asia and cementing the total victory of the Allies over the Axis. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world. The United Nations (UN) was established to foster international cooperation and prevent future conflicts. The great powers that were the victors of the war—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, and France—became the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council.[3] The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers started to decline, while the decolonisation of Asia and Africa began. Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to stabilise postwar relations and fight more effectively in the Cold War. World War II Western Europe Eastern Europe Mediterranean and Middle East Asia and the Pacific Atlantic Casualties Military engagements Conferences Commanders Participants Allies (leaders) Australia Belgium Brazil Canada China Czechoslovakia Ethiopia Finland (1944–1945) France Greece India Italy (from September 1943) Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Philippines (Commonwealth) Poland South Africa Soviet Union United Kingdom United States Yugoslavia Axis and Axis-aligned (leaders) Bulgaria Reorganized National Government of China Independent State of Croatia Finland Germany Hungary Free India Iraq Italy (until September 1943) Italian Social Republic Japan Manchukuo Philippines (Second Republic) Romania Slovakia Thailand Vichy France Resistance Albania Austria Baltic States Belgium Czech lands Denmark Estonia Ethiopia France Germany Greece Hong Kong India Italy Jewish Korea Latvia Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Philippines Poland (Anti-communist) Romania Thailand Soviet Union Slovakia Western Ukraine Vietnam Yugoslavia Timeline Prelude Africa Asia Europe 1939 Poland Phoney War Winter War Atlantic Changsha China 1940 Weserübung Netherlands Belgium France Britain North Africa West Africa British Somaliland Baltic States Moldova Indochina Greece Compass 1941 East Africa Yugoslavia Yugoslav Front Greece Crete Iraq Soviet Union (Barbarossa) Finland Lithuania Syria and Lebanon Kiev Iran Leningrad Moscow Sevastopol Pearl Harbor Hong Kong Philippines Changsha Malaya Borneo (1941–42) 1942 Burma Changsha Coral Sea Gazala Midway Blue Stalingrad Dieppe El Alamein Guadalcanal Torch 1943 Tunisia Kursk Smolensk Solomon Islands Sicily Lower Dnieper Italy Gilbert and Marshall Islands Changde 1944 Monte Cassino / Shingle Narva Korsun-Cherkassy Tempest Ichi-Go Overlord Neptune Normandy Mariana and Palau Bagration Western Ukraine Tannenberg Line Warsaw Eastern Romania Belgrade Paris Gothic Line Market Garden Estonia Crossbow Pointblank Lapland Hungary Leyte Ardennes Burma (1944–1945) 1945 Bodenplatte Vistula-Oder Iwo Jima Okinawa Italy (Spring 1945) Syrmian Front Berlin Czechoslovakia Budapest West Hunan Surrender of Germany Project Hula Manchuria Manila Borneo Atomic bombings Kuril Islands Shumshu Surrender of Japan Aspects General Air warfare of World War II Attacks on North America Blitzkrieg Comparative military ranks Cryptography Home front Lend-Lease Manhattan Project Military awards Military equipment Military production Nazi plunder Technology Total war Strategic bombing Bengal famine of 1943 Aftermath Effects Expulsion of Germans Operation Paperclip Operation Keelhaul Occupation of Germany Morgenthau Plan Territorial changes of Germany Soviet occupations Romania Poland Hungary Baltic States Occupation of Japan First Indochina War Indonesian National Revolution Cold War Decolonization Popular culture War crimes Allied war crimes Soviet war crimes United States war crimes German / Wehrmacht war crimes The Holocaust Italian war crimes Japanese war crimes Unit 731 Croatian war crimes (against the Serbs / against the Jews) Serbian war crimes Prostitution War rape German military brothels Camp brothels Rape during the occupation of Japan Comfort women Rape of Nanking Rape during the occupation of Germany Prisoners Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union German prisoners of war in the United States Italian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union Japanese prisoners of war in World War II Nazi crimes against Soviet POWs Polish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union 100 Greatest Britons was broadcast in 2002 by the BBC. The programme was based on a television poll conducted to determine whom the United Kingdom public considered the greatest British people in history.[1][2] The series, Great Britons, included individual programmes featuring the individuals who featured in the top ten, with viewers having further opportunities to vote after each programme.[3] It concluded with a debate. All of the top 10 were dead by the year of broadcast. The poll resulted in nominees including Guy Fawkes, who was executed for trying to blow up the Parliament of England; Oliver Cromwell who created a republican England; Richard III, suspected of murdering his nephews; James Connolly, an Irish nationalist and socialist who was executed by the Crown in 1916; and a surprisingly high ranking of 17th for actor and singer Michael Crawford (the second highest-ranked entertainer, after John Lennon). Diana, Princess of Wales was judged to be a greater historical British figure than William Shakespeare by BBC respondents to the survey. In addition to the Britons, some notable non-British entrants were listed, including two Irish nationals, the philanthropic musicians Bono and Bob Geldof. Furthermore, many candidates were from an era in which Britishness did not exist. The top 19 entries were people of English origin (though Sir Ernest Shackleton and Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, were both born into Anglo-Irish families when what is now the Republic of Ireland was part of the United Kingdom). The highest-placed Scottish entry was Alexander Fleming in 20th place, with the highest Welsh entry, Owain Glyndŵr, at number 23.[4] Sixty had lived in the twentieth century. The highest-ranked living person was Margaret Thatcher, who placed 16th.[5] Ringo Starr is the only member of The Beatles not on the list. Perhaps the most surprising high entry was Isambard Kingdom Brunel, whose 2nd place was due largely to "students from Brunel University who have been campaigning vigorously for the engineer for weeks."[6] The opening and closing ceremonies of the 2012 Summer Olympics featured the two greatest Britons, Isambard Kingdom Brunel and Winston Churchill as main characters, played by Kenneth Branagh and Timothy Spall, each of them reading a monologue from William Shakespeare's The Tempest Top 10 on the list Because of the nature of the poll used to select and rank the Britons, the results do not claim to be an objective assessment. They are as follows: Rank Name Time Frame Image Occupation Notability 1 Sir Winston Churchill (1874–1965) Sir Winston S Churchill.jpg Politician Prime Minister during World War II, historically ranked the greatest British prime minister. 2 Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806–1859) IKBrunelChains.jpg Engineer Creator of the Great Western Railway, and designer of numerous significant ships, tunnels and bridges. 3 Diana, Princess of Wales (1961–1997) Международная Леонардо-премия 18.jpg Member of the British Royal family. Philanthropist. First wife of Charles, Prince of Wales (marriage 1981–1996), and mother of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Prince Harry. 4 Charles Darwin (1809–1882) Charles Darwin seated crop.jpg Naturalist Originator of the theory of evolution through natural selection and author of On the Origin of Species. 5 William Shakespeare (1564–1616) Shakespeare.jpg Poet and playwright Thought of by many as the greatest of all English writers. 6 Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1727) GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg Physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher and biblical scholar Originator of universal gravitation and laws of classical mechanics and laws of motion. His Principia is one of the most influential works in the history of science. 7 Queen Elizabeth I (1533–1603) Darnley stage 3.jpg Queen regnant Popular monarch of England (reigned 1558–1603) who brought a period of relative internal stability. She is associated with the defeat of the Spanish Armada. 8 John Lennon (1940–1980) John Lennon 1964 001 cropped.png Composer, musician, philanthropist, peace activist, artist, and writer. Co-writer with Paul McCartney in The Beatles and solo musician. 9 Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson (1758–1805) HoratioNelson1.jpg Naval commander Famous for his service in the Royal Navy, particularly during the Napoleonic Wars. 10 Oliver Cromwell (1599–1658) Oliver Cromwell by Samuel Cooper.jpg Military and political leader 1st Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland. Commander of the New Model Army during the English Civil War against King Charles I. The complete list of the top 100 in alphabetical order Alfred the Great Andrews, Julie Attenborough, David Austen, Jane Babbage, Charles Baden Powell Bader, Douglas Beckham, David Bell, Alexander Graham Benn, Tony Berners Lee, Tim Bevan, Aneurin Blair, Tony Blake, William Bono Booth, William Boudicca Bowie, David Boy George Branson, Richard Bruce, Robert Brunel, Isambard Kingdom Burton, Richard Campbell, Donald Caxton, William Chaplin, Charlie Chaucer, Geoffrey Cheshire, Leonard Churchill, Winston Connelly, James Cook, Captain Crawford, Michael Cromwell, Oliver Crowley, Aleister Darwin, Charles Diana, Princess of Wales Dickens, Charles Drake, Francis Edward I Elgar, Edward Elizabeth I Faraday, Michael Fawkes, Guy Fleming, Alexander Geldof, Bob Glyndwr, Owain Harrison, George Harrison, John Hawking, Stephen Henry II Henry V Henry VIII Jenner, Edward King Arthur Lawrence, TE (L of Arabia) Lennon, John Livingstone, David Lloyd George, David Logie Baird, John Lydon, John Maxwell, James Clerk McCartney, Paul Mercury, Freddie Montgomery Moore, Bobby More, Thomas Morecambe, Eric Nelson, Horatio Newton, Isaac Nightingale, Florence Paine, Thomas Pankhurst, Emmeline Peel, John Powell, Enoch Queen Elizabeth II Queen Mother Queen Victoria Raleigh, Walter Redgrave, Steve Richard III Richard, Cliff Rowling, J.K. Scott, Captain Shackleton, Ernest Shakespeare, William Stephenson, George Stopes, Marie Thatcher, Margaret The Unknown Soldier Tindale/Tyndale, William Tolkien, J R R Turing, Alan Wallace, William Wallis, Barnes Watt, James Wellington, Duke of Wesley, John Whittle, Frank Wilberforce, William Williams, Robbie British coinage Current circulation One penny Two pence Five pence Ten pence Twenty pence Fifty pence One pound Two pounds Commemorative and bullion Twenty-five pence Five pounds Maundy money Quarter sovereign Half sovereign Sovereign Britannia Withdrawn (decimal) Half penny Withdrawn (pre-decimal, selected coins) Quarter-farthing Third-farthing Half-farthing Farthing Halfpenny Penny Threepence Groat Sixpence One shilling Two shillings (florin) Half crown Double florin (four shillings) Crown Half guinea Guinea See also Pound sterling Coins of the pound sterling List of British banknotes and coins Scottish coinage Coins of Ireland List of people on coins of the United Kingdom Coins of England Silver Sceat Penny (to 1066, 1066–1154, 1154–1485, 1485–1603, 1603–1707) Farthing Groat Shilling Sixpence Three farthings Three halfpence Crown Half crown Gold Gold penny (1216) Noble (1344) Florin (1344) Half Florin (1344) Quarter Florin (1344) Angel (1465) Sovereign (1489) Crown of the Rose (1526) Half crown (1526) Jacobus (James I) Rose Ryal (1604) Spur ryal (1604) Unite (1604) Laurel (1619) Half laurel (1619) Carolus (Charles I) Triple unite (1642) Fifty shillings (1656) Broad (1656) Copper Farthing Coins of England category Types of British coinage Falkland Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey St Helena and Ascension United Kingdom 1967 in other calendars Gregorian calendar 1967 MCMLXVII Ab urbe condita 2720 Armenian calendar 1416 ԹՎ ՌՆԺԶ Assyrian calendar 6717 Bahá'í calendar 123–124 Bengali calendar 1374 Berber calendar 2917 British Regnal year 15 Eliz. 2 – 16 Eliz. 2 Buddhist calendar 2511 Burmese calendar 1329 Byzantine calendar 7475–7476 Chinese calendar 丙午年十一月廿一日 (4603/4663-11-21) — to — 丁未年十二月初一日 (4604/4664-12-1) Coptic calendar 1683–1684 Ethiopian calendar 1959–1960 Hebrew calendar 5727–5728 Hindu calendars - Vikram Samvat 2023–2024 - Shaka Samvat 1889–1890 - Kali Yuga 5068–5069 Holocene calendar 11967 Iranian calendar 1345–1346 Islamic calendar 1386–1387 Japanese calendar Shōwa 42 (昭和42年) Julian calendar Gregorian minus 13 days Korean calendar 4300 Minguo calendar ROC 56 民國56年 Thai solar calendar 2510 This box: view talk edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to: 1967 Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. Events January January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of the British North America Act, 1867, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. January 4 – The Doors' self-titled debut album is released. January 5 Spain and Romania sign in Paris an agreement establishing full consular and commercial relations (not diplomatic ones). Charlie Chaplin launches his last film, A Countess From Hong Kong, in the UK. January 6 – Vietnam War: USMC and ARVN troops launch Operation Deckhouse Five in the Mekong River Delta. January 8 – Vietnam War: Operation Cedar Falls starts. January 10 – Segregationist Lester Maddox is sworn in as Governor of Georgia. January 12 – Dr. James Bedford becomes the first person to be cryonically preserved with the intent of future resuscitation. January 13 – A military coup occurs in Togo under the leadership of Etienne Eyadema. January 14 The New York Times reports that the U.S. Army is conducting secret germ warfare experiments. The Human Be-In takes place in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco; the event sets the stage for the Summer of Love. January 15 Louis Leakey announces the discovery of pre-human fossils in Kenya; he names the species Kenyapithecus africanus. January 15 The first Super Bowl is played in Los Angeles The Green Bay Packers defeat the Kansas City Chiefs 35-10. The United Kingdom enters the first round of negotiations for European Economic Community membership in Rome. January 18 Albert DeSalvo (The Boston Strangler) is convicted of numerous crimes and sentenced to life in prison. Jeremy Thorpe becomes leader of the UK's Liberal Party. A Fistful of Dollars, the first significant "spaghetti Western" film, is released in the United States. January 23 In Munich, the trial begins of Wilhelm Harster, accused of the murder of 82,856 Jews (including Anne Frank) when he led German security police during the German occupation of the Netherlands. He is eventually sentenced to 15 years in prison. The new town of Milton Keynes (England) is founded by Order in Council. January 26 – The Parliament of the United Kingdom decides to nationalize 90% of the British steel industry. January 27 Apollo 1: U.S. astronauts Gus Grissom, Edward Higgins White, and Roger Chaffee are killed when fire breaks out in their Apollo spacecraft during a launch pad test. The United States, Soviet Union and United Kingdom sign the Outer Space Treaty. January 31 – West Germany and Romania establish diplomatic relations. February February 2 – The American Basketball Association is formed. February 3 – Ronald Ryan becomes the last man hanged in Australia, for murdering a guard while escaping from prison in December 1965. February 4 – The Soviet Union protests the demonstrations before its embassy in Beijing. February 5 NASA launches Lunar Orbiter 3. Italy's first guided missile cruiser, the Vittorio Veneto (C550), is launched. General Anastasio Somoza Debayle becomes president of Nicaragua. February 6 – Alexei Kosygin arrives in the UK for an 8-day visit. He meets The Queen on February 9. February 7 The Chinese government announces that it can no longer guarantee the safety of Soviet diplomats outside the Soviet Embassy building. Serious bushfires in southern Tasmania claim 62 lives, and destroys 2,642.7 square kilometres (653,025.4 acres) of land. Mazenod College, Victoria opens in Australia. February 10 – The 25th Amendment to the United States Constitution (presidential succession and disability) is ratified. February 11 – Burgess Ice Rise lying off the west coast of Alexander Island, Antarctica is first mapped by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS). February 13 – American researchers discover the Madrid Codices by Leonardo da Vinci in the National Library of Spain.[1] February 14 – Respect is recorded by Aretha Franklin (to be released in April). February 15 – The Soviet Union announces that it has sent troops near the Chinese border. February 18 – New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison claims he will solve the John F. Kennedy assassination, and that a conspiracy was planned in New Orleans. February 22 Suharto takes power from Sukarno in Indonesia (see Transition to the New Order and Supersemar). Donald Sangster becomes the new Prime Minister of Jamaica, succeeding Alexander Bustamante. February 23 Trinidad and Tobago is the first Commonwealth nation to join the Organization of American States. The 25th Amendment to the United States Constitution is enacted. February 24 – Moscow forbids its satellite states to form diplomatic relations with West Germany. February 25 The Chinese government announces that it has ordered the army to help in the spring seeding. Britain's second Polaris missile submarine, HMS Renown, is launched. February 26 – A Soviet nuclear test is conducted at the Semipalatinsk Test Site, Eastern Kazakhstan. February 27 – The Dutch government supports British EEC membership. March March 1 The city of Hatogaya, Saitama, Japan is founded. Brazilian police arrest Franz Stangl, ex-commander of Treblinka and Sobibór concentration camps. The Red Guards return to schools in China. The Queen Elizabeth Hall is opened in London. March 4 The first North Sea gas is pumped ashore at Easington, East Riding of Yorkshire. Queens Park Rangers become the first 3rd Division side to win the League Cup at Wembley Stadium, defeating West Bromwich Albion 3–2. March 7 – Jimmy Hoffa begins his 8-year sentence for attempting to bribe a jury. March 9 – Joseph Stalin's daughter, Svetlana Alliluyeva, defects to the USA via the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi. March 12 The Indonesian State Assembly takes all presidential powers from Sukarno and names Suharto as acting president. The Velvet Underground's groundbreaking first album, The Velvet Underground & Nico, is released. It is initially a disaster but receives widespread critical and commercial acclaim in later years. March 13 – Moise Tshombe, ex-prime minister of Congo, is sentenced to death in absentia. March 14 The body of U.S. President John F. Kennedy is moved to a permanent burial place at Arlington National Cemetery. Nine executives of the German pharmaceutical company Grunenthal are charged for breaking German drug laws because of thalidomide. March 16 – In the Aspida case in Greece, 15 officers are sentenced to 2–18 years in prison, accused of treason and intentions of staging a coup. March 18 – The supertanker Torrey Canyon runs aground in between Land's End and the Scilly Isles. March 19 – A referendum in French Somaliland favors the connection to France. March 21 – A military coup takes place in Sierra Leone. March 26 – 10,000 gather for the Central Park Be-In. March 28 – Pope Paul VI issues the encyclical Populorum Progressio. March 29 A 13-day TV strike begins in the U.S. The first French nuclear submarine, Le Redoutable, is launched. The SEACOM telephone cable is inaugurated. Fleet Air Arm and Royal Air Force bomb the Torrey Canyon and sink her. March 31 – U.S. President Lyndon Johnson signs the Consular Treaty. April April 2 – A United Nations delegation arrives in Aden due to approaching independence. They leave April 7, accusing British authorities of lack of cooperation. The British say the delegation did not contact them. April 4 – Martin Luther King, Jr. denounces the Vietnam War during a religious service in New York City. April 6 – Georges Pompidou begins to form the next French government. April 7 – Six-Day War (approach): Israeli fighters shoot down 7 Syrian MIG-21s. April 8 – Puppet On A String by Sandie Shaw (music and text by Bill Martin and Phil Coulter) wins the Eurovision Song Contest 1967 for United Kingdom. April 9 – The first Boeing 737 (a 100 series) takes its maiden flight. April 10 The AFTRA strike is settled just in time for the 39th Academy Awards ceremony to be held, hosted by Bob Hope. Best Picture goes to A Man for All Seasons. Oral arguments begin in the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case Loving v. Virginia, 388 U.S. 1 (1967), challenging the State of Virginia's statutory scheme to prevent marriages between persons solely on the basis of racial classifications. April 12 – The Ahmanson Theatre opens in Los Angeles. April 13 – Conservatives win the Greater London Council elections. April 14 – In San Francisco, 10,000 march against the Vietnam War. April 15 – Large demonstrations are held against the Vietnam War in New York City and San Francisco. April 20 Surveyor 3 probe lands on the Moon. A Globe Air Bristol Britannia turboprop crashes at Nicosia, Cyprus, killing 126 people.[2][3] April 21 Greece is taken over by a military dictatorship led by George Papadopoulos; future-Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou political prisoner to December 25. An outbreak of tornadoes strikes the upper Midwest section of the United States (in particular the Chicago area, including the suburbs of Belvidere and Oak Lawn, Illinois, where 33 people are killed and 500 injured). April 23 – A group of young radicals are expelled from the Nicaraguan Socialist Party (PSN). This group goes on to found the Socialist Workers Party (POS). April 24 – Soyuz 1: Vladimir Komarov becomes the first Soviet cosmonaut to die, when the parachute of his space capsule fails during re-entry. April 27 – Montreal, Quebec, Expo 67, a World's Fair to coincide with the Canadian Confederation centennial, officially opens with Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson igniting the Expo Flame in the Place des Nations. April 28 In Houston, Texas, boxer Muhammad Ali refuses military service. Expo 67 opens to the public, with over 310,000 people attending. Al Carter from Chicago is the first visitor as noted by Expo officials. The U.S. aerospace manufacturer McDonnell Douglas is formed through a merger of McDonnell Aircraft and Douglas Aircraft. (becomes part of The Boeing Company three decades later) April 29 – Fidel Castro announces that all intellectual property belongs to the people and that Cuba intends to translate and publish technical literature without compensation. April 30 – Moscow's 537m-tall TV tower is finished. May May 1 Elvis Presley and Priscilla Beaulieu are married in Las Vegas. GO Transit, Canada's first interregional public transit system, is established. May 2 The Toronto Maple Leafs win the Stanley Cup. It was their last Stanley Cup and last finals appearance to date. It would turn out to be the last game in the original six era. Six more teams would be added in the fall. Harold Wilson announces that the United Kingdom has decided to apply for EEC membership. May 4 – Lunar Orbiter 4 is launched by the United States. May 6 Dr. Zakir Hussain is the first Muslim to become president of India. Four hundred students seize the administration building at Cheyney State College, now Cheyney University of Pennsylvania, the oldest institute for higher education for African Americans. Hong Kong 1967 riots: Clashes between striking workers and police kill 51 and injure 800. May 8 – The Philippine province of Davao is split into three: Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, and Davao Oriental. May 10 – The Greek military government accuses Andreas Papandreou of treason. May 11 – The United Kingdom and Ireland apply officially for European Economic Community membership. May 17 Syria mobilizes against Israel. President Gamal Abdal Nasser of Egypt demands withdrawal of the peacekeeping UN Emergency Force in the Sinai. U.N. Secretary-General U Thant complies (May 18). May 18 Tennessee Governor Ellington repeals the "Monkey Law" (officially the Butler Act; see the Scopes Trial). In Mexico, schoolteacher Lucio Cabañas begins guerrilla warfare in Atoyac de Alvarez, west of Acapulco, in the state of Guerrero. NASA announces the crew for the Apollo 7 space mission (first manned Apollo flight): Walter M. Schirra, Jr., Donn F. Eisele, and R. Walter Cunningham. May 19 The Soviet Union ratifies a treaty with the United States and the United Kingdom, banning nuclear weapons from outer space. Yuri Andropov becomes KGB chief. May 22 – The Innovation department store in the centre of Brussels, Belgium burns down. It is the most devastating fire in Belgian history, resulting in 323 dead and missing and 150 injured. May 23 – Egypt closes the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping, blockading Israel's southern port of Eilat, and Israel's entire Red Sea coastline. May 25 - Celtic Football Club become the first non-Latin football club to win the European Cup / Champions League. May 25 - The 25th Amendment is added to the Constitution of the United States. May 27 Naxalite Guerrilla War: Beginning with a peasant uprising in the town of Naxalbari, this Marxist/Maoist rebellion sputters on in the Indian countryside. The guerrillas operate among the impoverished peasants, fighting both the government security forces and private paramilitary groups funded by wealthy landowners. Most fighting takes place in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh. The Australian referendum, 1967 passes with an overwhelming 90% support, removing, from the Australian Constitution, 2 discriminatory sentences referring to Indigenous Australians. It signifies Australia's first step in recognising Indigenous rights. The Folk-Rock band Fairport Convention plays their first gig in Golders Green, north London. May 30 – Biafra, in eastern Nigeria, announces its independence. June June – Moshe Dayan becomes Israel's Minister of Defense. June 1 – The Beatles legendary release of Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, nicknamed "The Soundtrack of the Summer of Love"; it would be number one on the albums charts throughout the summer of 1967. June 2 Protests in West Berlin against the arrival of the Shah of Iran turn into fights, during which 27-year-old Benno Ohnesorg is killed by a police officer. His death results in the founding of the terrorist group Movement 2 June. Luis Monge is executed in Colorado's gas chamber, in the last pre-Furman execution in the United States. June 4 – Stockport Air Disaster: British Midland flight G-ALHG crashes in Hopes Carr, Stockport, killing 72 passengers and crew. June 5 Murderer Richard Speck is sentenced to death in the electric chair for killing eight student nurses in Chicago. Six-Day War: Israel occupies the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Sinai peninsula and Golan Heights after defeating its Arab neighbours. June 7 – Two Moby Grape members are arrested for contributing to the delinquency of minors. June 8 – Six-Day War – USS Liberty incident: Israeli fighter jets and Israeli warships fire at the USS Liberty off Gaza, killing 34 and wounding 171. June 10 Israel and Syria agree to a United Nations-mediated cease-fire. The Soviet Union severs diplomatic relations with Israel. Margrethe, heir apparent to the throne of Denmark, marries French count Henri de Laborde de Monpezat. June 11 – A race riot occurs in Tampa, Florida after the shooting death of Martin Chambers by police while allegedly robbing a camera store. The unrest lasts several days. June 12 Loving v. Virginia: The United States Supreme Court declares all U.S. state laws prohibiting interracial marriage to be unconstitutional.[4] Venera program: Venera 4 is launched by the Soviet Union (the first space probe to enter another planet's atmosphere and successfully return data). June 13 – Solicitor General Thurgood Marshall is nominated as the first African American justice of the United States Supreme Court.[5] June 14 Mariner program: Mariner 5 is launched toward Venus. The People's Republic of China tests its first hydrogen bomb.[6] June 14–June 15 – Glenn Gould records Prokofiev's Seventh Piano Sonata, Op. 83, in New York City (his only recording of a Prokofiev composition). June 16 – The Monterey Pop Festival begins and is held for 3 days. June 17 – The People's Republic of China announces a successful hydrogen bomb test. June 18 - Eighteen British officers killed in Aden police mutiny. [7] June 23 – Cold War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson meets with Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin in Glassboro, New Jersey, for the 3-day Glassboro Summit Conference. Johnson travels to Los Angeles for a dinner at the Century Plaza Hotel where earlier in the day thousands of war protesters clashed with L.A. police.[8] June 25 – 400 million viewers watch Our World, the first live, international, satellite television production. It features the live debut of The Beatles' song "All You Need is Love". June 26 Pope Paul VI ordains 276 new cardinals (one of whom is the future Pope John Paul II). The Buffalo Race Riot begins, lasting until July 1; leads to 200 arrests. Plaque commemorating installation of world's first bank cash machine June 27 – The first automatic cash machine (voucher-based) is installed, in the office of the Barclays Bank in Enfield, England. June 28 – Israel declares the annexation of East Jerusalem. June 30 – Moise Tshombe, former President of Katanga and former prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, is kidnapped to Algeria. July July 1 Canada celebrates its first one hundred years of Confederation. EEC joined with European Coal and Steel Community and European Atomic Community to form the European Communities (from the 1980s usually known as European Community [EC]). The first UK colour television broadcasts begin on BBC2. The first one is from the tennis championship at Wimbledon. A full colour service begins on BBC2 on December 2. American Samoa's first constitution becomes effective. July 3 – A military rebellion led by Belgian mercenary Jean Schramme begins in Katanga, Democratic Republic of the Congo. July 4 – The British Parliament decriminalizes homosexuality. July 5 – Troops of Belgian mercenary commander Jean Schramme revolt against Mobutu Sese Seko, and try to take control of Stanleyville, Congo. July 6 Biafran War: Nigerian forces invade Biafra, following the latter's secession May 30. A level crossing collision between a train loaded with children and a tanker-truck near Magdeburg, East Germany kills 94 people, mostly children. July 10 Heavy massive rains and a landslide at Kobe and Kure, Hiroshima, Japan, kill at least 371. New Zealand decimalise its currency from pound to dollar at £1 to $2 ($1 = 10/-). July 12 The Greek military regime strips 480 Greeks of their citizenship. 1967 Newark riots: After the arrest of an African-American cab driver for allegedly illegally driving around a police car and gunning it down the road, race riots break out in Newark, New Jersey, lasting six days and leaving 26 dead. July 14 – Near Newark, New Jersey, the Plainfield, NJ, riots also occur. July 16 – A prison riot in Jay, Florida leaves 37 dead. July 18 – The United Kingdom announces the closing of its military bases in Malaysia and Singapore. Australia and the U.S. disapprove. July 19 – A race riot breaks out in the North Side of Minneapolis on Plymouth Street during the Minneapolis Aquatennial Parade and business are vandalized and fires break out in the area, although the disturbance is quelled within hours. However, the next day a shooting sets off another incident in the same area that leads to 18 fires, 36 arrests, 3 shootings, 2 dozen people injured, and damages totaling 4.2 million. There will be two more such incidents in the following two weeks. July 20 – Chilean poet Pablo Neruda receives the first Viareggio-Versile prize. July 21 – The town of Winneconne, Wisconsin, announces secession from the United States because it is not included in the official maps and declares war. Secession is repealed the next day. July 23 – 12th Street Riot/Detroit Race Riots: In Detroit, Michigan, one of the worst riots in United States history begins on 12th Street in the predominantly African American inner city: 43 are killed, 342 injured and 1,400 buildings burned. July 24 – During an official state visit to Canada, French President Charles de Gaulle declares to a crowd of over 100,000 in Montreal: Vive le Québec libre! (Long live free Quebec!). The statement, interpreted as support for Quebec independence, delights many Quebecers but angers the Canadian government and many English Canadians. July 29 An explosion and fire aboard the U.S. Navy aircraft carrier USS Forrestal in the Gulf of Tonkin leaves 134 dead. Georges Bidault moves to Belgium where he receives political asylum. An earthquake in Caracas, Venezuela leaves 240 dead. July 30 – The 1967 Milwaukee race riots begin, lasting through August 2 and leading to a ten-day shutdown of the city from August 1. August August 1 - Race riots in the United States spread to Washington, D.C.. August 2 – The Turkish football club Trabzonspor is established in Trabzon. August 5 – Pink Floyd releases their debut album The Piper at the Gates of Dawn in the United Kingdom. August 6 – A pulsar is noted by Jocelyn Bell and Antony Hewish. The discovery is first recorded in print in 1968: "An entirely novel kind of star came to light on Aug. 6 last year [...]". The date of the discovery is not recorded. August 7 Vietnam War: The People's Republic of China agrees to give North Vietnam an undisclosed amount of aid in the form of a grant. A general strike in the old quarter of Jerusalem protests Israel's unification of the city. August 8 – The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is founded in Bangkok, Thailand. August 9 – Vietnam War – Operation Cochise: United States Marines begin a new operation in the Que Son Valley. August 10 – Belgian mercenary Jean Schramme's troops take the Congolese border town of Bukavu. August 13 – Night of the Grizzlies sparks national concern over bear drama, from PBS in Montana's Glacier National Park. August 14 – Wonderful Radio London shuts down at 3:00 PM in anticipation of the Marine Broadcasting Offences Act. Many fans greet the staff upon their return to London that evening with placards reading "Freedom died with Radio London." August 15 – The United Kingdom Marine Broadcasting Offences Act declares participation in offshore pirate radio illegal. Radio Caroline defies the Act and continues broadcasting. August 18 – The State of Tamil Nadu, India is established. August 19 – West Germany receives 36 East German prisoners it has "purchased" through the border posts of Herleshausen and Wartha. August 21 A truce is declared in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The People's Republic of China announces that it has shot down United States planes violating its airspace. August 25 – American Nazi Party leader George Lincoln Rockwell is assassinated in Arlington, Virginia. August 27 – East Coast Wrestling Association is established. August 30 – Thurgood Marshall is confirmed as the first African American Justice of the United States Supreme Court. September September 1 The Khmer–Chinese Friendship Association is banned in Cambodia Ilse Koch, also known as the "Witch of Buchenwald", commits suicide in the Bavarian prison of Aichach. September 3 Nguyen Van Thieu is elected President of South Vietnam. H-Day in Sweden: At 5:00 a.m. local time, all traffic in the country switches from left-hand traffic pattern to right-hand traffic. September 4 – Vietnam War – Operation Swift: The United States Marines launch a search and destroy mission in Quang Nam and Quang Tin Provinces. The ensuing 4-day battle in Que Son Valley kills 114 Americans and 376 North Vietnamese. September 9 – Fashion Island, one of California's first outdoor shopping malls, opens in Newport Beach. September 10 – In Gibraltar, only 44 out of 12,182 voters support union with Spain. September 17 A riot during a football match in Kayseri, Turkey leaves 44 dead, about 600 injured. Jim Morrison and The Doors defy CBS censors on The Ed Sullivan Show, when Morrison sings the word "higher" from their #1 hit Light My Fire, despite having been asked not to. September 18 – Love Is a Many Splendored Thing debuts on U.S. daytime television and is the first soap opera to deal with an interracial relationship. CBS censors find it too controversial and ask for it to be stopped, causing show creator Irna Phillips to quit. September 27 – The RMS Queen Mary arrives in Southampton, at the end of her last transatlantic voyage. September 30 – BBC Radio 1, BBC Radio 2, BBC Radio 3 and BBC Radio 4 are all launched. October October 3 – An X-15 research aircraft with test pilot William J. Knight establishes an unofficial world fixed-wing speed record of Mach 6.7. October 4 – Omar Ali Saifuddin III of Brunei abdicates in favour of his son, His Majesty Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah. October 6 – Southern California's Pacific Ocean Park closes down, known as the Disneyland by the sea. October 8 – Guerrilla leader Che Guevara and his men are captured in Bolivia. October 12 Vietnam War: U.S. Secretary of State Dean Rusk states during a news conference that proposals by the U.S. Congress for peace initiatives are futile, because of North Vietnam's opposition. Desmond Morris publishes The Naked Ape.[9] October 14 – Quebec Nationalism: René Lévesque leaves the Liberal Party. October 16 – Thirty-nine people, including singer-activist Joan Baez, are arrested in Oakland, California, for blocking the entrance of that city's military induction center. October 17 The musical Hair opens off-Broadway. It moves to Broadway the following April. Vietnam War: Battle of Ong Thanh October 18 Vietnam War: Students at the University of Wisconsin-Madison protest over recruitment by Dow Chemical on the University campus. 76 are injured in the resulting riot. Walt Disney's 19th full-length animated feature The Jungle Book, the last animated film personally supervised by Disney, is released and becomes an enormous box-office and critical success. On a double bill with the film is the (now) much less well-known true-life adventure, Charlie the Lonesome Cougar. October 19 – The Mariner 5 probe flies by Venus. October 20 - Patterson-Gimlin film, Roger Patterson and Robert Gimlin's famous film of an unidentified animate cryptid, thought to be Bigfoot or Sasquatch, is recorded at Bluff Creek, California. October 21 Tens of thousands of Vietnam War protesters march in Washington, D.C.. Allen Ginsberg symbolically chants to 'levitate' The Pentagon. An Egyptian surface-to-surface missile sinks the Israeli destroyer Eilat, killing 47 Israeli sailors. Israel retaliates by shelling Egyptian refineries along the Suez Canal. October 25 – An abortion bill passes in the British Parliament. October 26 Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran is officially crowned. U.S. Navy pilot John McCain is shot down over North Vietnam and made a POW. His capture will be announced in the NY Times and Washington Post two days later. October 27 Charles De Gaulle vetoes British entry into the European Economic Community again. London criminal Jack McVitie is murdered by the Kray twins, leading to their eventual imprisonment and downfall. October 29 Mobutu's troops launch an offensive against mercenaries in Bukavu, Congo. The Montreal, Quebec Expo 67 closes, having received over 50 million attendees. October 30 – Hong Kong 1967 riots: British troops and Chinese demonstrators clash on the border of China and Hong Kong. November November 2 – Vietnam War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson holds a secret meeting with a group of the nation's most prestigious leaders ("the Wise Men") and asks them to suggest ways to unite the American people behind the war effort. They conclude that the American people should be given more optimistic reports on the progress of the war. November 3 – Vietnam War – Battle of Dak To: Around Dak To (located about 280 miles north of Saigon near the Cambodian border), heavy casualties are suffered on both sides (the Americans narrowly win the battle on November 22). November 4–November 5 – Mercenaries of Jean Schramme and Jerry Puren withdraw from Bukavu, over the Shangugu Bridge, to Rwanda. November 6 – The Rhodesian parliament passes pro-Apartheid laws. November 7 U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967, establishing the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Carl B. Stokes is elected mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, becoming the first African American mayor of a major United States city. The 50th Anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution is celebrated in the Soviet Union. November 8 – The BBC's first local radio station (BBC Radio Leicester) is launched. November 9 – Apollo program: NASA launches the first Saturn V rocket, successfully carrying the unmanned Apollo 4 test spacecraft from Cape Kennedy into Earth orbit. November 11 – Vietnam War: In a propaganda ceremony in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, 3 United States prisoners of war are released by the Viet Cong and turned over to "New Left" antiwar activist Tom Hayden. November 14 – The Congress of Colombia in commemoration of the 150-year anniversary of the death of Policarpa Salavarrieta, declares this day as the "Day of the Colombian Woman". November 15 General Grivas and his 10,000 strong Greek Army division are forced to leave Cyprus, after 24 Turkish Cypriot civilians are killed by the Greek Cypriot National Guard in the villages of Kophinou and Ayios Theodhoros; relations sour between Nicosia and Athens. Turkey flies sorties into Greek territory, and masses troops in Thrace on her border with Greece. Test pilot Michael Adams is killed when his X-15 rocket plane tumbles out of control during atmospheric re-entry and disintegrates. November 17 Vietnam War: Acting on optimistic reports he was given on November 13, U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson tells his nation that, while much remained to be done, "We are inflicting greater losses than we're taking...We are making progress." (2 months later the Tet Offensive by the Viet Cong makes it appear, to those watching news reports, that progress is not being made.) French author Régis Debray is sentenced to 30 years imprisonment in Bolivia. November 18 – The UK pound is devalued from 1 GBP = 2.80 USD to 1 GBP = 2.40 USD. November 21 – Vietnam War: United States General William Westmoreland tells news reporters: "I am absolutely certain that whereas in 1965 the enemy was winning, today he is certainly losing." November 22 – UN Security Council Resolution 242 is adopted by the UN Security Council, establishing a set of principles aimed at guiding negotiations for an Arab–Israeli peace settlement. November 26 – Major floods hit Lisbon, Portugal, killing 462. November 27 – The Beatles release Magical Mystery Tour in the US as a full album. The songs added to the original six songs on the double EP include All You Need Is Love, Penny Lane, Strawberry Fields Forever, Baby, You're a Rich Man and Hello, Goodbye. Release as a double EP will not take place in the UK until December. November 29 – Vietnam War: U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara announces his resignation to become president of the World Bank. This action is due to U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson's outright rejection of McNamara's early November recommendations to freeze troop levels, stop bombing North Vietnam and hand over ground fighting to South Vietnam. November 30 Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto founds the Pakistan People's Party and becomes its first chairman. Today it is one of the major political parties in Pakistan (alongside the Pakistan Muslim League) that is broken into many factions, bearing the same name under different leaders, such as the Pakistan's Peoples Party Parliamentarians (PPPP). The People's Republic of South Yemen becomes independent of the United Kingdom. U.S. Senator Eugene McCarthy announces his candidacy for the Democratic Party presidential nomination, challenging incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson over the Vietnam War. December December 1 – The RMS Queen Mary is retired. Her place is taken by the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2. December 3 – Christiaan Barnard carries out the world's first heart transplant at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town. December 4 At 6:50 PM, a volcano erupts on Deception Island in Antarctica. Vietnam War: U.S. and South Vietnamese forces engage Viet Cong troops in the Mekong Delta (235 of the 300-strong Viet Cong battalion are killed). December 5 – In New York City, Benjamin Spock and Allen Ginsberg are arrested for protesting against the Vietnam War. December 8 – Magical Mystery Tour is released by The Beatles as a double EP in the U.K. and also the only psychedelic rock album of The Rolling Stones, Their Satanic Majesties Request in the U.K and in the U.S.A. December 9 – Nicolae Ceauşescu becomes the Chairman of the Romanian State Council, making him the de facto leader of Romania. December 11 – Supersonic airliner Concorde is unveiled in Toulouse, France. December 13 – King Constantine II of Greece flees the country when his coup attempt fails. December 15 – The Silver Bridge over the Ohio River in Point Pleasant, West Virginia, collapses, killing 46 people. It has been linked to the so-called Mothman mystery. December 17 – Harold Holt, Australian prime minister, disappears when swimming at a beach 60 km from Melbourne. December 19 – Professor John Archibald Wheeler uses the term Black Hole for the first time. December 26 – The Beatles film Magical Mystery Tour (film) receives its world premier on BBC Television in the UK December 31 The Green Bay Packers become the first team in the modern era to win their third consecutive NFL Championship, 21-17 over the Dallas Cowboys in what became known as "The Ice Bowl". Motorcycle daredevil Evel Knievel attempted to jump 141 feet over the Caesars Palace Fountains on the Las Vegas Strip. Knievel crashed on landing and the accident was caught on film. Date unknown St Christopher's Hospice, the world's first purpose-built secular hospice specialising in palliative care of the terminally ill, is established in South London by Cicely Saunders.[10] Warner Bros. Pictures becomes a wholly owned subsidiary of Seven Arts Productions, thus becoming Warner Bros.-Seven Arts. The Jari project begins in the Amazon. Albania is officially declared an atheist state by its leader, Enver Hoxha. The University of Winnipeg is founded in Canada. Lonsdaleite (the rarest allotrope of carbon) is first discovered in the Barringer Crater, Arizona. A lost city is discovered on the island of Thera, buried under volcanic debris. It has been suggested that Plato may have heard legends about this, and used them as the germ of his story of Atlantis. PAL is first introduced in Germany. The Summer of Love is held in San Francisco. Lech Wałęsa goes to work in Gdańsk shipyards. Benjamin Netanyahu joins the Israeli Army. The Greek military junta exiles Melina Mercouri. Parker Morris Standards become mandatory for all housing built in New Towns in the UK. Gabriel García Márquez's influential novel One Hundred Years of Solitude is published (in Spanish). The first edition of the book, A Short History of Pakistan, is published by Karachi University, Pakistan. Fernand Braudel begins publication of Civilisation matérielle, économie et capitalisme, XVe-XVIIIe siècle. Births January January 1 – Sunny Chan, Hong Kong TVB actor January 2 – Tia Carrere, American actress January 4 – Marina Orsini, Canadian actress January 5 – Joe Flanigan, American actor January 7 – Mark Lamarr, British comedian/TV and radio presenter January 8 – R. Kelly, American R&B singer/songwriter/producer January 9 Dave Matthews, South African–born musician Dale Gordon, English footballer January 12 – Vendela Kirsebom, Swedish supermodel January 14 Sharon Beshenivsky, West Yorkshire police constable (d. 2005) Leonardo "Leo" Ortolani, Italian comic book author January 15 – Lisa Lisa, American singer January 17 – Song Kang-ho, Korean actor January 18 – Iván Zamorano, Chilean footballer January 21 – Artashes Minasian, Armenian chess grand master January 22 – Eleanor McEvoy, Irish singer-songwriter January 23 – Naim Süleymanoğlu, Turkish weightlifter January 24 – John Myung, American musician January 25 Voltaire, Cuban singer Nozomu Sasaki, Japanese voice actor January 26 – Toshiyuki Morikawa, Japanese voice actor January 28 – Jan Lamb, Hong Kong singer and actor January 29 – Khalid Skah, Moroccan long-distance runner January 31 – Joey Wong, Taiwanese actress February February 1 – Meg Cabot, American teen author February 2 Chris Parnell, American actor and comedian (Saturday Night Live) Frederick Pitcher, Nauruan politician February 6 – Izumi Sakai, Japanese singer (Zard) (d. 2007) February 7 – Cheung Man, Hong Kong actress February 9 Todd Pratt, American baseball player Dan Shulman, Canadian sports announcer February 10 Laura Dern, American actress Armand Serrano, Filipino animator Vince Gilligan, American writer, director and producer (creator of Breaking Bad) February 11 – Hank Gathers, American college basketball player February 12 – Chitravina N. Ravikiran, Indian composer and musician February 14 – Mark Rutte, Dutch politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands since 2010. February 15 – Trond Egil Soltvedt, Norwegian footballer February 18 Marco Aurélio, Brazilian footballer Roberto Baggio, Italian football player John Valentin, American baseball player Benicio del Toro, Puerto Rican actor February 19 – Sven Erik Kristiansen Norwegian Black metal and hardcore punk singer (Maniac) February 20 Kurt Cobain, American musician (Nirvana) (d. 1994) Andrew Shue, American actor February 23 – Tamsin Greig, English actress February 26 – Kazuyoshi Miura, Japanese footballer March March 1 – George Eads, American actor March 3 - Hans Teeuwen, Dutch comedian March 4 – Daryll Cullinan, South African cricketer March 10- Omer Tarin, Pakistani/South Asian poet, writer and scholar March 11 John Barrowman, Scottish-born actor George Gray, American comedian and game show announcer March 12 – Massimiliano Frezzato, Italian comic writer March 13 – Andres Escobar, Colombian football player (d. 1994) March 15 - Naoko Takeuchi, Japanese artist March 16 – Lauren Graham, American actress March 17 – Billy Corgan, American musician and songwriter March 18 – Andre Rison, American pro football player March 19 – Mary Scheer, American actress March 21 Jonas "Joker" Berggren, Swedish rock musician (Ace of Base) Adrian Chiles, British television and radio presenter March 22 – Mario Cipollini, Italian cyclist March 25 – Debi Thomas, American figure skater March 26 – Mark Carroll, Australian rugby league footballer March 27 Talisa Soto, American actress Kenta Kobashi, Japanese professional wrestler March 29 – Brian Jordan, American baseball player March 30 – Christopher Bowman, American figure skater (d. 2008) April April 5 – Anu Garg, Indian-American writer and speaker April 6 – Mika Koivuniemi, Finnish ten-pin bowler April 9 – Alex Kahn, American artist April 14 – Jeff Jarrett, American professional wrestler April 15 - Dara Torres, American swimmer April 17 Marquis Grissom, American baseball player Kimberly Elise, American actress Liz Phair, American musician April 18 – Maria Bello, American actress April 20 Mike Portnoy, American musician Raymond van Barneveld, Dutch darts player April 22 Sheryl Lee, American actress Sherri Shepherd, American comedian and TV show host April 23 – Melina Kanakaredes, American actress April 26 Glenn Jacobs (Kane), American professional wrestler Marianne Jean-Baptiste, American actress April 27 – Willem-Alexander, Prince of Orange, Dutch heir apparent April 29 Curtis Joseph, Canadian hockey player Rachel Williams, American model, actress, and TV presenter May May 1 – Kenny Hotz, Canadian entertainer May 4 – Akiko Yajima, Japanese voice actress May 5 – Takehito Koyasu, Japanese voice actor May 10 – Nobuhiro Takeda, Japanese footballer and sportscaster May 14 – Tony Siragusa, American football player May 15 – John Smoltz, American baseball player May 19 Geraldine Somerville, Irish actress Massimo Taccon, Italian painter, sculptor and writer May 20 - Ramzi Yousef, Islamic terrorist; one of the main perpetrators of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing May 21 – Chris Benoit, Canadian professional wrestler (d. 2007) May 22 - Brooke Smith, American actress May 24 Andrey Borodin, Russian banker Bruno Putzulu, French actor Heavy D, Jamaican-born American actor, rapper (d. 2011) May 25 – Poppy Z. Brite, American author May 27 – Paul Gascoigne, English footballer (Newcastle United, England & Middlesbrough) May 28 - Glen Rice, American basketball player May 29 – Noel Gallagher, British musician (Oasis) May 31 Phil Keoghan, New Zealand-born television host Kenny Lofton, American baseball player June June 3 Anderson Cooper, American television journalist Tamás Darnyi, Hungarian swimmer June 5 Joe DeLoach, American athlete Ron Livingston, American actor June 6 – Paul Giamatti, American actor June 8 Efan Ekoku, Nigerian footballer Jasmin Tabatabai, German/Iranian actress and musician June 9 – Rubén Maza, Venezuelan long-distance runner June 10 – Darren "Buffy, the Human Beatbox" Robinson, American rapper (The Fat Boys) (d. 1995) June 15 – Yūji Ueda, Japanese voice actor June 16 - Jürgen Klopp, German footballer June 19 Bjørn Dæhlie, Norwegian skier Mia Sara, American actress June 20 – Nicole Kidman, American-born Australian actress June 21 – Jim Breuer, former Saturday Night Live cast member and stand up comedian June 23 – Yoko Minamino, Japanese Idol star and actress June 24 Bill Huard, Canadian ice hockey player Richard Z. Kruspe, German rock musician (Rammstein) Janez Lapajne, Slovenian film director June 26 – Kaori Asoh, Japanese voice actress and singer July July 1 – Pamela Anderson, Canadian actress and model July 4 Vinny Castilla, Mexican Major League Baseball player Andy Walker, Canadian television personality July 5 – Silvia Ziche, Italian comics artist July 8 – Jordan Chan, Hong Kong singer and actor July 9 Gunnar Axén, Swedish politician Mark Stoops, American football coach July 11 – John Henson, American TV show host July 12 John Petrucci, American musician Count Jefferson von Pfeil und Klein-Ellguth July 13 – Akira Hokuto, Japanese women's professional wrestler July 14 – Robin Ventura, American baseball player July 15 Michael Tse, Hong Kong actor Adam Savage, American TV show host July 16 – Will Ferrell, American comedian and actor July 18 – Vin Diesel, American actor July 19 – Rageh Omaar, broadcaster July 23 – Philip Seymour Hoffman, American actor July 25 – Matt LeBlanc, American actor July 28 – Taka Hirose, Japanese musician (Feeder) July 30 – A. W. Yrjänä, Finnish rock musician and poet July 31 Minako Honda, Japanese singer and musical actress (d. 2005) Elizabeth Wurtzel, author and feminist August August 3 – Mathieu Kassovitz, French movie director and actor August 4 – Michael Marsh, American athlete August 5 – Thomas Lang, Austrian drummer August 7 – Charlotte Lewis, English actress August 8 Rena Mero, American wrestler, model and actress Yuki Amami, Japanese actress August 9 – Deion Sanders, American pro football and baseball player August 10 – Riddick Bowe, American boxer August 11 Collin Chou, Taiwanese martial arts actor Enrique Bunbury, Spanish singer and songwriter Joe Rogan, American comedian and television host August 12 Regilio Tuur, Dutch boxer Andy Hui, Hong Kong singer and actor Emil Kostadinov, Bulgarian football player August 13 – Amélie Nothomb, Belgian writer August 15 – Brahim Boutayeb, Moroccan long-distance runner August 16 Pamela Smart, American murderer Ulrika Jonsson, Swedish-born television personality August 21 Carrie-Anne Moss, Canadian actress Serj Tankian, Lebanese-born singer (System of a Down) August 22 Layne Staley, American rock musician (Alice in Chains) (d. 2002) Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje, Nigerian-British actor and model Yukiko Okada, Japanese idol singer (d. 1986) Ty Burrell, American actor August 29 – Jiří Růžek, Czech photographer August 30 – Frederique van der Wal, Dutch supermodel September September 3 – Luis Gonzalez, American baseball player September 5 Jane Sixsmith, English field hockey player Arnel Pineda, Filipino singer-songwriter Koichi Morishita, Japanese long-distance runner September 6 – Macy Gray, American R&B singer September 9 – Akshay Kumar,Bollywood Actor September 11 – Harry Connick, Jr., American singer and actor September 12 – Jason Statham, English actor September 13 – Michael Johnson, American athlete September 18 – Tara FitzGerald, British actress September 19 – Alexander Karelin, Russian Greco-Roman wrestler September 20 – Kristen Johnston, American actress September 21 Susie Dent, British lexicographer Faith Hill, American country singer September 22 – Félix Savón, Cuban boxer September 23 Masashi Nakayama, Japanese footballer Jenna Stern, American actress September 25 – Kim Issel, Canadian ice hockey player September 28 Mira Sorvino, American actress Moon Unit Zappa, American actress, musician and author September 30 – Andrea Roth, Canadian actress October October 2 – Frankie Fredericks, Namibian athlete October 4 – Liev Schreiber, American actor October 5 – Guy Pearce, English-born actor October 7 – Toni Braxton, American R&B singer October 9 – Eddie Guerrero, American professional wrestler (d. 2005) October 11 Tazz, American professional wrestler and commentator Artie Lange, American actor, comedian and radio personality David Starr, American racecar driver October 13 Trevor Hoffman, American Major League Baseball player Kate Walsh, American actress Javier Sotomayor, Cuban high jumper October 16 – Davina McCall, British TV presenter and UK Big Brother host October 17 René Dif, Danish-Algerian singer (Aqua) Venus Terzo, Canadian actress/voice actress October 22 Carlos Mencia, Latino-American actor and standup comedian Salvatore Di Vittorio, Italian composer & conductor Ulrike Maier, Austrian alpine skier (d. 1994) October 24 – Jacqueline McKenzie, Australian actress October 26 – Keith Urban, New Zealand-born Australian country music singer October 27 – Scott Weiland, American musician October 28 Julia Roberts, American actress Sophie, Hereditary Princess of Liechtenstein October 29 Joely Fisher, American actress Rufus Sewell, English actor Péter Kun, Hungarian guitarist (d. 1993) October 30 Brad Aitken, Canadian ice hockey player Ty Detmer, American NFL quarterback and 1990 Heisman Trophy winner November November 1 Sophie B. Hawkins, American singer and songwriter Tina Arena, Australian singer and songwriter November 2 – Akira Ishida, Japanese voice actor November 3 – Steven Wilson, British musician November 5 – Judy Reyes, American actress November 6 - Rebecca Schaeffer, American actrees (d. 1989) November 7 Sharleen Spiteri, Scottish singer and songwriter David Guetta, French DJ and songwriter November 8 – Courtney Thorne-Smith, American actress November 11 – Gil de Ferran, Brazilian race car driver November 13 Jimmy Kimmel, American comedian and talk show host Steve Zahn, American actor November 14 – Letitia Dean, British actress November 15 – François Ozon, French writer and director November 16 – Lisa Bonet, American actress November 20 – Teoman, Turkish rock singer and song-writer November 22 Boris Becker, German tennis player Mark Ruffalo, American actor Bart Veldkamp, Dutch-born speed skater November 23 – Salli Richardson, American actress November 25 – Anthony Nesty, Surinamese swimmer November 28 – Anna Nicole Smith, American model and actress (d. 2007) November 29 – John "Bradshaw" Layfield, American professional wrestler December December 1 – Reggie Sanders, American Major League Baseball outfielder December 6 Judd Apatow, American screenwriter and producer Hacken Lee, Hong Kong singer and actor December 8 – Kotono Mitsuishi, Japanese voice actress December 9 – Joshua Bell, American violinist December 11 – Mo'Nique, American actress and comedian December 12 – John Randle, American football player December 13 Jamie Foxx, American actor Yuji Oda, Japanese singer and actor December 14 – Ewa Białołęcka, Polish writer December 16 Donovan Bailey, Canadian athlete Miranda Otto, Australian actress December 17 – Gigi D'Agostino, Italian musician and DJ December 18 – Toine van Peperstraten, Dutch sports journalist December 19 – Criss Angel, American musician, magician, illusionist, escapologist, and stunt performer December 21 – Mikheil Saakashvili, President of Georgia December 22 – Dan Petrescu, Romanian footballer Date unknown Joan Vizcarra, Spanish artist András Rosztóczy, Hungarian gastroenterologist Deaths January Jack Ruby January 3 Mary Garden, Scottish opera singer (b. 1874) Jack Ruby, American killer of Lee Harvey Oswald (b. 1911) January 4 Donald Campbell, English water and land speed record seeker (b. 1921) Mohammed Khider, Algerian politician (b. 1912) Barney Ross January 17 Evelyn Nesbit, American actress and model (b. 1884) Barney Ross, American boxer (b. 1909) January 18 - Harry Antrim, American actor (b. 1884) January 19 – Kazimierz Funk, Polish biochemist (b. 1884) January 21 – Ann Sheridan, American actress (b. 1915) January 27 Crew of Apollo 1: Edward White, American astroanut (b. 1930) Gus Grissom, American astronaut (b. 1926) Roger Chaffee, American astronaut (b. 1935) Alphonse Juin, Marshal of France (b. 1888) January 31 – Eddie Tolan, American athlete (b. 1908) February February 4 – Albert Orsborn, 6th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1886) February 6 Martine Carol, French actress (b. 1920) Henry Morgenthau, Jr., United States Secretary of the Treasury during World War II (b. 1891) February 7 David Unaipon, Australian author and inventor (b. 1872) February 8 – Victor Gollancz, British publisher (b. 1893) February 14 – Sig Ruman, German actor (b. 1884) February 15 – Antonio Moreno, Spanish actor (b. 1887) February 16 Smiley Burnette, American actor (b. 1911) Józef Hofmann, Polish pianist (b. 1876) February 18 – J. Robert Oppenheimer, American physicist (b. 1904) J. Robert Oppenheimer February 21 – Charles Beaumont, American writer (b. 1929) February 24 Franz Waxman, German-American composer (b. 1906) Hilliard Almond Wilbanks, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1933) February 28 – Henry Luce, American publisher (b. 1898) March March 2 – Gordon Harker, English actor (b. 1885) March 4 – Dr. Mohammed Mossadegh, deposed prime minister of Iran (b. 1882) March 5 – Mischa Auer, Russian-born actor (b. 1905) March 6 John Haden Badley, English author (b. 1865) Nelson Eddy, American singer and actor (b. 1901) Kenneth Harlan, American actor (b. 1895) Zoltán Kodály, Hungarian composer (b. 1882) March 7 – Alice B. Toklas, American personality (b. 1877) March 11 Geraldine Farrar, American soprano (b. 1882) Hanns Lothar, German actor (b. 1929) March 21 – Marcellus Boss, American politician, member of the Kansas Senate and the 5th Civilian Governor of Guam. (b. 1901) March 27 – Jaroslav Heyrovský, Czech chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1890) March 30 – Jean Toomer, American writer (b. 1894) March 31 – Don Alvarado, American actor (b. 1904) April April 4 – Al Lewis, American songwriter (b. 1901) April 5 – Hermann Joseph Muller, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1890) April 17 – Red Allen, American jazz trumpeter (b. 1908) April 19 – Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1876) April 22 – Tom Conway, British actor (b. 1904) April 24 – Vladimir Komarov, Soviet cosmonaut (parachute failure) (b. 1927) April 25 Joseph Boxhall, British sailor, fourth officer of the RMS Titanic (b. 1884) Benjamin Foulois, American Brigadier General(USAF), first rated US military pilot, trained by the Wright Brothers (b. 1879) April 27 – William Douglas Cook, founder of Eastwoodhill Arboretum and Pukeiti, (New Zealand) (b. 1884) April 29 – Anthony Mann, American actor and director (b. 1906) May May 6 – Zhou Zuoren, Chinese writer (b. 1885) May 7 – Judith Evelyn, American actress (b. 1913) May 8 Laverne Andrews, American singer (b. 1911) Barbara Payton, American actress (b. 1927) Elmer Rice, American playwright (b. 1892) May 10 – Lorenzo Bandini, Italian Formula One driver (b. 1935) May 12 – John Masefield, English poet and novelist (b. 1878) May 15 – Edward Hopper, American painter (b. 1882) May 18 – Andy Clyde, Scottish actor (b. 1892) May 21 Géza Lakatos, Hungarian general and politician, former Prime Minister (b. 1890) Rexhep Mitrovica, Albanian politician, former Prime Minister (b. 1888) May 22 – Langston Hughes, American writer (b. 1902) May 27 – Johannes Itten, Swiss painter (b. 1888) May 29 – Georg Wilhelm Pabst, Austrian film director (b. 1885) May 30 – Claude Rains, British actor (b. 1889) May 31 – Billy Strayhorn, American composer and pianist (b. 1915) June June 3 – Arthur Tedder, British military, Marshal of the Royal Air Force (b. 1890) June 5 – Arthur Biram, Israeli philosopher and educator, and Israel Prize recipient (b. 1878) June 7 – Dorothy Parker, American writer (b. 1893) June 10 – Spencer Tracy, American actor (b. 1900) June 13 Gerald Patterson, Australian tennis champion (b. 1895) Edward Leonard Ellington, British military, Marshal of the Royal Air Force (b. 1877) June 14 – Eddie Eagan, American sportsman (b. 1897) June 16 – Reginald Denny, English actor (b. 1891) June 17 – Vernon Huber, American admiral and 36th Governor of American Samoa (b. 1899) June 26 – Françoise Dorléac, French actress (b.1942) June 29 Primo Carnera, Italian boxer (b. 1906) Jayne Mansfield, American actress (b. 1933) (car accident) July July 1 – Gerhard Ritter, German historian (b. 1888) July 8 Fatima Jinnah, Pakistani 'Mother of the Nation' (b. 1893) Vivien Leigh, English actress (b. 1913) July 9 – Douglas MacLean, American actor (b. 1890) July 14 – Tudor Arghezi, Romanian writer (b. 1880) July 17 John Coltrane, American jazz saxophonist (b. 1926) Cyril Ring, American film actor (b. 1892) July 18 – Humberto de Alencar Castello Branco, ex-president of Brazil (b. 1897) (plane crash) July 21 Jimmie Foxx, American baseball player (b. 1907) Albert Lutuli, South African politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize Basil Rathbone, British actor (b. 1892) July 22 – Carl Sandburg, American poet (b. 1878) July 31 – Margaret Kennedy, English writer (b. 1896) August August 1 – Richard Kuhn, Austrian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1900) August 2 – Walter Terence Stace, British philosopher (b. 1886) August 9 Joe Orton, English playwright (b. 1933) (murdered) Anton Walbrook, Austrian actor (b. 1896) August 13 – Jane Darwell, American actress (b. 1879) August 15 René Magritte, Belgian painter (b. 1898) Manuel Prado y Ugarteche, former President of Peru (b. 1889) August 19 Hugo Gernsback, Luxembourg-born editor and publisher (b. 1884) Isaac Deutscher, British Marxist historian (b. 1907) August 24 Henry J. Kaiser, American industrialist (b. 1882) Lam Bun, Hong Kong radio commentator (b. 1930) August 25 Stanley Bruce, 8th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1883) Paul Muni, Polish actor (b. 1895) George Lincoln Rockwell, American Nazi Party leader (b. 1918) August 27 – Brian Epstein, English band manager (The Beatles) (b. 1934) August 31 – Ilya Ehrenburg, Russian writer (b. 1891) September September 1 Ilse Koch, Nazi German war criminal (b. 1906) Siegfried Sassoon, British poet (b. 1886) September 3 James Dunn, American actor (b. 1901) Francis Ouimet, American professional golfer (b.1893) September 11 – Tadeusz Żyliński, Polish technician and textilist (b. 1904) September 13 – Varian Fry, American journalist (b. 1907) September 16 – Ethel May Halls, American theatrical and film actress (b. 1882) September 18 – John Cockcroft, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897) September 23 - Stanislaus Zbyszko, professional wrestler (b. 1879) September 27 – Prince Felix Yussupov, Russian assassin of Rasputin (b. 1887) September 29 Ludwig Donath, Austrian actor (b. 1900) Carson McCullers, American writer (b. 1917) (brain hemorrhage) October October 3 Woody Guthrie, American folk musician (b. 1912) (Huntington's disease) Sir Malcolm Sargent, English conductor (b. 1895) Pinto Colvig, American vaudeville actor, radio actor, newspaper cartoonist, prolific movie voice actor, and circus performer (original voice of Goofy) (b. 1892) October 7 – Norman Angell, British politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1872) October 8 – Clement Attlee, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1883) October 9 Che Guevara, Argentine communist revolutionary (executed) (b. 1928) Cyril Norman Hinshelwood, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1897) Edith Storey, American actress (b. 1892) October 12 – Nat Pendleton, American actor and Olympic wrestler (b. 1895) October 17 – Xuantong Emperor, Emperor of China (b. 1906) October 20 – Yoshida Shigeru, Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1878) October 23 – Helen Palmer Geisel, Dr. Seuss' first wife (b. 1899) October 25 – Margaret Ayer Barnes, American playwright, novelist, and short-story writer (b. 1886) October 29 – Julien Duvivier, French film director (b. 1896) November November 5 – Joseph Kesselring, American playwright (b. 1902) November 7 – John Nance Garner, U.S. Vice President (b. 1868) November 9 – Charles Bickford, American actor (b. 1891) November 13 – Harriet Cohen, English pianist (b. 1895) November 15 – Alice Lake, American actress (b. 1895) November 19 – Charles J. Watters, U.S. Army chaplain, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1927) November 21 C. M. Eddy, Jr., American writer (b. 1896) Florence Reed, American stage actress (b. 1883) November 25 – Ossip Zadkine, Russian sculptor, painter and lithographer (b. 1890) November 28 – Leon M'ba, Gabonese politician (b. 1902) December December 3 – Harry Wismer, American baseball owner (b. 1913) December 4 Daniel Jones, British phonetician (b. 1881) Bert Lahr, American actor (b. 1894) December 7 – House Peters, Sr., British-born actor (b. 1880) December 10 (in an air crash): Otis Redding, American singer (b. 1941) Ronnie Caldwell, American musician (b. 1948) Phalon Jones, American musician (b. 1949) December 17 Harold Holt, Australian Prime Minister (body never found) (b. 1908) Jack Perrin, American actor (b. 1896) December 21 – Stuart Erwin, American actor (b. 1903) December 24 – Karl Ristenpart, German conductor (b. 1900) December 26 – Sydney Barnes, English cricketer (b. 1873) December 28 – Katharine McCormick, American feminist (b. 1875) December 29 – Paul Whiteman, American bandleader (b. 1890) December 30 – Vincent Massey, former Canadian Governor General (b. 1887) Date unknown Ken Battefield, American artist (b. ? ) Charles Exeter Devereux Crombie, Scottish cartoonist (d. 1967) Nobel Prizes Physics – Hans Albrecht Bethe Chemistry – Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish, George Porter Physiology or Medicine – Ragnar Granit, Haldan Keffer Hartline, George Wald Literature – Miguel Ángel Asturias Peace – not awarded The British Royal Family HM The Queen Philip HRH The Duke of Edinburgh Charles HRH The Prince of Wales Camilla HRH The Duchess of Cornwall Princess Dianna William HRH The Duke of Cambridge Kathryn HRH The Duchess of Cambridge HRH Prince Harry of Wales Andrew HRH The Duke of York HRH Princess Beatrice of York HRH Princess Eugenie of York Edward HRH The Earl of Wessex Anne HRH The Princess Royal British Monarchs he Normans (1066 - 1154) King William I, the Conqueror 1066 - 1087 King Henry I 1100 - 1135 King Stephen 1135 - 1154 Empress Matilda 1141 Plantagenets (1154 - 1399) King Henry II 1154 - 1189 King Richard I the Lionheart 1189 - 1199 King John 1 1199 - 1216 King Henry III 1216 - 1272 King Edward I 1272 - 1307 King Edward II 1307 - 1327 King Edward III 1327 - 1377 Richard II 1377 - 1399 The House of Lancaster (1399 - 1461) Henry IV 1399 - 1413 Henry V 1413 - 1422 Henry VI 1422 - 1461, 1470 - 1471 The House of York (1461 - 1485) King Edward IV 1461 -1470, 1471 - 1483 King Edward V 1483 - 1483 King Richard III 1483 - 1485 The Tudors (1485 -1603) King Henry VII 1485 - 1509 King Henry VIII 1509 - 1547 King Edward VI 1547 - 1553 Jane Grey 1554 Queen Mary I (Bloody Mary) 1553 - 1558 Queen Elizabeth I 1558 - 1603 The Stuarts (1603 - 1649) (1660 - 1714) James I 1603 - 1625 Charles I 1625 - 1649 Charles II 1660 - 1685 James II 1685 - 1688 William III 1688 - 1702 and Queen Mary II 1688 - 1694 Queen Anne 1702 - 1714 The House of Hanoverians (1714 -1901) King George I 1714 - 1727 King George II 1727 - 1760 King George III 1760 - 1820 King George IV 1820 - 1830 King William IV 1830 - 1837 Queen Victoria 1837 - 1901 Saxe-Coburg-Gotha and The Windsors (1901 -1910) (1910 - Today) King Edward VII 1901 - 1910 King George V 1910 - 1936 King Edward VIII June 1936 King George VI 1936 - 1952 Queen Elizabeth II 1952 - present day Victory in Europe Day — known as V-E Day or VE Day — was the public holiday celebrated on 8 May 1945 (in Commonwealth countries, 7 May 1945) to mark the date when the World War II Allies formally accepted the unconditional surrender of the armed forces of Nazi Germany and the end of Adolf Hitler's Third Reich, thus ending the war in Europe. The formal surrender of the occupying German forces in the Channel Islands was not until 9 May 1945. On 30 April Hitler committed suicide during the Battle of Berlin, and so the surrender of Germany was authorized by his successor, President of Germany Karl Dönitz. The administration headed by Dönitz was known as the Flensburg government. The act of military surrender was signed on 7 May in Reims, France, and on 8 May in Berlin, Germany. Upon the defeat of Nazi Germany (Italy having already surrendered), celebrations erupted throughout the Western world. From Moscow to New York, people cheered. In the United Kingdom, more than one million people celebrated in the streets to mark the end of the European part of the war. In London, crowds massed in Trafalgar Square and up The Mall to Buckingham Palace, where King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, accompanied by Prime Minister Winston Churchill, appeared on the balcony of the Palace before the cheering crowds. Princess Elizabeth (the future Queen Elizabeth II) and her sister Princess Margaret were allowed to wander incognito among the crowds and take part in the celebrations.[1] In the United States, President Harry Truman dedicated the victory to the memory of his predecessor, Franklin D. Roosevelt, who had died of a cerebral hemorrhage less than a month earlier, on 12 April.[2] Flags remained at half-staff for the remainder of the 30-day mourning period.[3][4] Truman said of dedicating the victory to Roosevelt's memory and keeping the flags at half-staff that his only wish was "that Franklin D. Roosevelt had lived to witness this day."[2] Massive celebrations also took place in Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, and especially in New York City's Times Square.[5] Victory celebrations in Canada were marred by the Halifax Riot.[citation needed] The Daily Sketch was a British national tabloid newspaper, founded in Manchester in 1909 by Sir Edward Hulton. Daily Sketch Type newspaper Format Tabloid Editor Various Founded 1909 Political alignment Populist, centre-right, Conservative Party Ceased publication 1971 It was bought in 1920 by Lord Rothermere's Daily Mirror Newspapers but in 1925 Rothermere offloaded it to William and Gomer Berry (later Viscount Camrose and Viscount Kemsley). It was owned by a subsidiary of the Berrys' Allied Newspapers from 1928[1] (renamed Kemsley Newspapers in 1937 when Camrose withdrew to concentrate his efforts on the Daily Telegraph). In 1946 it was merged with the Daily Graphic.[1] In 1952 Kemsley decided to sell the paper to Associated Newspapers, the owner of the Daily Mail, who promptly revived the Daily Sketch name in 1953. The paper struggled through the 1950s and 1960s, never managing to compete successfully with the Daily Mirror, and in 1971 it was closed and merged with the Daily Mail. The Sketch was Conservative in its politics and populist in its tone during its existence through all its changes of ownership. In some ways much of the more populist element of today's Daily Mail was inherited from the Sketch: before the merger, the more serious Mail, then and for a long time afterwards a broadsheet, was also right-wing. The Sketch notably launched a moral panic over Daniel Farson's 1960 television documentary Living for Kicks, a portrait of British teenage life at the time, which led to a war of words between the Sketch and the Daily Mirror. It also participated in the press campaign against the screening of the BBC film The War Game.[2] [edit]Editors 1909: Jimmy Heddle 1914: William Sugden Robinson 1919: H. Lane 1922: H. Gates 1923: H. Lane 1928: A. Curthoys 1936: A. Sinclair 1939: Sydney Carroll 1942: Lionel Berry 1943: A. Roland Thornton and M. Watts 1944: A. Roland Thornton 1947: N. Hamilton 1948: Henry Clapp 1953: Herbert Gunn 1959: Colin Valdar 1962: Howard French 1969: David English 1971: Louis Kirby (acting) [edit]References ^ a b Dennis Griffiths (ed.) The Encyclopedia of the British Press, 1492-1992, London: Macmillan, 1992, p.187 ^ Press articles discussing The War Game on director Peter Watkin's Website, retrieved 2012-06-23. [hide] v t e Defunct newspapers of the United Kingdom National Dailies British Gazette The Bullionist Daily Chronicle Daily Courant Daily Express (1878) Daily Gazette Daily Herald Daily News Daily Sketch Daily Sport The Day Financial News Financier and Bullionist Greyhound Express The Hour (newspaper) Indicator Jewish Times Morning Chronicle Morning Herald Morning Leader The Morning Post Morning Star News Chronicle The Post Sporting Life The Sportsman (1865) The Sportsman (2006) Today Sundays Empire News Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper National News News of the World News on Sunday Reynold's News Sunday Business Sunday Chronicle Sunday Correspondent Sunday Dispatch Sunday Evening Telegram Sunday Graphic Sunday Illustrated Sunday Referee Sunday Sportsman Sunday Worker Weeklies The Age Early Times The European Examiner The Graphic The Illustrated London News The Leader Mark Lane Express The Sphere The True Sun Regional Dailies Birmingham Evening Despatch Bristol Mercury Bristol Evening World Burnley Evening Star Chatham Evening Post Chelmsford Evening Herald Darlington Evening Dispatch Doncaster Evening Post Edinburgh Evening Dispatch Evening Citizen (Glasgow) Hereford Evening News Huddersfield Daily Chronicle Eastern Morning News (Hull) Glasgow Evening News Jewish Post and Gazette (London) Jewish Times (London) Kent Today Leicester Daily Post Leicester Evening Mail Liverpool Courier Liverpool Evening Express London Daily News The London Paper Luton Evening Post Manchester Evening Chronicle Northern Whig (Belfast) Nottingham Daily Express Nottingham Evening News Nottingham Journal Scottish Daily News Shields Evening News Southern Daily Mail (Portsmouth) Slough Evening Mail Surrey Daily Advertiser Watford Evening Echo London evening newspapers The Echo Evening News The Globe Jewish Evening News London Lite Pall Mall Gazette St. James's Gazette The Star Westminster Gazette Yorkshire Evening News Sundays Sunday Pink (Manchester) Sunday Sentinel (Stoke) Western Independent (Plymouth) Yorkshire on Sunday Weeklies Edinburgh Advertiser World War II Date 1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945 Location Europe, Pacific, Atlantic, South-East Asia, China, Middle East, Mediterranean and Africa, briefly North America Result Allied victory Dissolution of the Third Reich Creation of the United Nations Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers Beginning of the Cold War. (more...) Belligerents Allies Soviet Union (1941–45) United States (1941–45) British Empire China (at war 1937–45) France[1] Poland Canada Australia New Zealand South Africa Yugoslavia (1941–45) Greece (1940–45) Norway (1940–45) Netherlands (1940–45) Belgium (1940–45) Czechoslovakia Brazil (1942–45) ...and others Axis Germany Japan (at war 1937–45) Italy (1940–43) Hungary (1941–45) Romania (1941–44) Bulgaria (1941–44) Co-belligerents Finland (1941–44) Iraq (1941) Thailand (1942–45) Puppet states Manchukuo Croatia (1941–45) Slovakia ...and others Commanders and leaders Allied leaders Joseph Stalin Franklin D. Roosevelt Winston Churchill ...and others Axis leaders Adolf Hitler Hirohito Benito Mussolini ...and others Casualties and losses Military dead: Over 16,000,000 Civilian dead: Over 45,000,000 Total dead: Over 61,000,000 (1937–45) ...further details Military dead: Over 8,000,000 Civilian dead: Over 4,000,000 Total dead: Over 12,000,000 (1937–45) ...further details World War II seriesv · d · e Precursors Asian events · European events · Timeline [show]v · d · e Campaigns of World War II 1939 · 1940 · 1941 · 1942 · 1943 · 1944 · 1945 Eastern front · Western Front · Pacific War · Battles · Mediterranean, Middle East and African Campaigns · Commanders Technology · Military operations · Manhattan Project Air warfare of World War II · Home front · Collaboration · Resistance Aftermath Casualties · Further effects · War crimes · Japanese war crimes · Consequences of Nazism Depictions World War II, or the Second World War[2] (often abbreviated as WWII or WW2), was a global military conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, which involved most of the world's nations, including all of the great powers: eventually forming two opposing military alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, with more than 100 million military personnel mobilised. In a state of "total war," the major participants placed their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities at the service of the war effort, erasing the distinction between civilian and military resources. Marked by significant events involving the mass death of civilians, including the Holocaust and the only use of nuclear weapons in warfare, it was the deadliest conflict in human history,[3] resulting in 50 million to over 70 million fatalities. The war is generally accepted to have begun on 1 September 1939, with the invasion of Poland by Germany and Slovakia, and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and most of the countries of the British Empire and Commonwealth. Germany set out to establish a large empire in Europe. From late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or subdued much of continental Europe; amid Nazi-Soviet agreements, the nominally neutral Soviet Union fully or partially occupied and annexed territories of its six European neighbours. Britain and the Commonwealth remained the only major force continuing the fight against the Axis in North Africa and in extensive naval warfare. In June 1941, the European Axis launched an invasion of the Soviet Union. The USSR joined the Allies and the largest land theatre of war in history began, which, from this moment on, would tied down the major part of the Axis military power. In December 1941, Japan, the major Asian Axis nation, which had been at war with China since 1937,[4] and aimed to dominate Asia, attacked the United States and European possessions in the Pacific Ocean, quickly conquering much of the region. In response, the United States entered into military operations on the Allied side. The Axis advance was stopped in 1942 after the defeat of Japan in a series of naval battles and after defeats of European Axis troops in North Africa and, decisively, at Stalingrad. In 1943, with a series of German defeats in Eastern Europe, the Allied invasion of Fascist Italy, and American victories in the Pacific, the Axis lost the initiative and undertook strategic retreat on all fronts. In 1944, the Western Allies invaded France, while the Soviet Union regained all territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. The war in Europe ended with the capture of Berlin by Soviet and Polish troops and the subsequent German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945. The Japanese Navy was defeated by the United States, and invasion of the Japanese Archipelago ("Home Islands") became imminent. The war in Asia ended on 15 August 1945 when Japan agreed to surrender. The war ended with the total victory of the Allies over Germany and Japan in 1945. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world. The United Nations (UN) was established to foster international cooperation and prevent future conflicts. The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers started to decline, while the decolonisation of Asia and Africa began. Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to stabilise postwar relations World War II Western Europe · Eastern Europe · Africa · Mediterranean · Asia and the Pacific · Atlantic Casualties · Military engagements · Topics · Conferences · Commanders Participants Allies (Leaders) Ethiopia · China · Czechoslovakia · Poland · United Kingdom · India · France · Australia · New Zealand · South Africa · Canada · Norway · Belgium · Netherlands · Luxembourg · Greece · Yugoslavia · Soviet Union · United States · Philippines · Mexico · Brazil Axis and Axis-aligned (Leaders) Bulgaria · Reorganized National Government of China · Croatia · Finland · Germany · Hungary · Iraq · Italy · Italian Social Republic · Japan · Manchukuo · Romania · Slovakia · Thailand · Vichy France Resistance Albania · Austria · Baltic States · Belgium · Czech lands · Denmark · Estonia · Ethiopia · France · Germany · Greece · Hong Kong · India · Italy · Jewish · Korea · Latvia · Luxembourg · Netherlands · Norway · Philippines · Poland (Anti-communist) · Romania · Thailand · Soviet Union · Slovakia · Western Ukraine · Vietnam · Yugoslavia Timeline Prelude Africa · Asia · Europe 1939 Invasion of Poland · Phoney War · Winter War · Atlantic · Changsha (1939) · China 1940 Weserübung · Netherlands · Belgium · France · UK · North Africa · British Somaliland · Baltic States · Moldova · Indochina · Greece · Compass 1941 East Africa · Invasion of Yugoslavia · Yugoslav Front · Greece · Crete · Soviet Union (Barbarossa) · Karelia · Lithuania · Middle East · Kiev · Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran · Leningrad · Moscow · Sevastopol · Pearl Harbor · Hong Kong · Philippines · Changsha (1941) · Malaya · Borneo 1942 Burma · Changsha (1942) · Coral Sea · Gazala · Midway · Blue · Stalingrad · Dieppe · El Alamein · Torch · Guadalcanal 1943 End in Africa · Kursk · Smolensk · Solomon Islands · Sicily · Lower Dnieper · Italy · Gilbert and Marshall · Changde 1944 Monte Cassino and Shingle · Narva · Cherkassy · Tempest · Ichi-Go · Normandy · Mariana and Palau · Bagration · Western Ukraine · Tannenberg Line · Warsaw Uprising · Eastern Romania · Yugoslavia · Paris · Gothic Line · Market Garden · Estonia · Crossbow · Pointblank · Lapland · Hungary · Leyte · Bulge · Burma 1945 Vistula-Oder · Iwo Jima · Okinawa · Surrender of Italy · Berlin · Czechoslovakia · Budapest · West Hunan · Surrender of Germany · Manchuria · Philippines · Borneo · Atomic bombings · Surrender of Japan Aspects General Air warfare of World War II · Attacks on North America · Blitzkrieg · Comparative military ranks · Cryptography · Home front · Manhattan Project · Military awards · Military equipment · Military production · Nazi plunder · Technology · Total war · Strategic bombing · Bengal famine of 1943 Aftermath Effects · Expulsion of Germans · Operation Paperclip · Operation Keelhaul · Occupation of Germany · Morgenthau Plan · Territorial changes · Soviet occupations (Romania, Poland, Hungary, Baltic States) · Occupation of Japan · First Indochina War · Indonesian National Revolution · Cold War · Decolonization · Popular culture War crimes German and Wehrmacht war crimes · The Holocaust · Italian war crimes · Japanese war crimes · Allied war crimes · Soviet war crimes · United States war crimes War rape Rape during the occupation of Japan · Comfort women · Rape of Nanking · Rape during the occupation of Germany Prisoners Nazi crimes against Soviet POWs · Italian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union · Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union · Japanese prisoners of war in World War II · German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union · German prisoners of war in the United States TV series Years Country Title Battles, campaigns, events depicted 1957 1958 UK O.S.S. The OSS in occupied France 1962 1966 USA McHale's Navy The misadventures of a misfit PT Boat crew in the Pacific Campaign 1962 1967 USA Combat! A frontline American infantry squad battle their way across France 1964 1967 USA Twelve O'Clock High 1965 1966 USA The Wackiest Ship in the Army 1965 1971 USA Hogan's Heroes Comedy about a POW camp 1966 1966 UK Court Martial During the war, the Judge Advocate General's office investigates crime 1966 1968 USA The Rat Patrol Long Range Desert Patrol 1966 1970 Poland Czterej pancerni i pies (Four tank men and a dog) A tank crew, their dog, and their T-34 tank in the 1st Polish Army on the Eastern Front, 1943–45 1967 1968 Poland Stawka większa niż życie (More Than Life at Stake) Kapitan Hans Kloss - Poland / Germany 1941 - 1945 1968 1977 UK Dad's Army Comedy about the Home Guard 1972 1973 UK The Pathfinders RAF pathfinding missions 1972 1974 UK Colditz Colditz Castle POW camp 1973 1973 USSR Seventeen Moments of Spring A Soviet spy operating in Nazi Germany 1975 1975 Poland Hungary Trzecia granica (Third Border) Polish Resistance: Poland, Tatra Mountains, Slovakia, Hungary 1976 1976 Iran My Uncle Napoleon Comedy set in Tehran under Allied occupation 1976 1978 USA Baa Baa Black Sheep Gregory 'Pappy' Boyington and a Marine air squadron during the war in the Pacific 1977 1978 UK Backs to the Land Comedy about the Land Girls 1977 1979 USA Operation Petticoat 1977 1979 UK Belgium Secret Army Belgian resistance 1978 1981 Denmark Matador The fictional Danish town of Korsbæk between 1929 and 1947 1981 1981 UK Kessler 1982 1992 UK 'Allo 'Allo! Comedy about a café in Occupied France 1985 1985 USA Jenny's War A woman launches a rescue of her RAF pilot son, shot down over Germany in 1941 1988 1988 UK Piece of Cake RAF from the Phoney War through the Battle of Britain 1992 1992 Denmark Mørklægning Thriler about the war-tired and sick amusement Denmark. 1997 1997 Singapore The Price of Peace Japanese occupation of Singapore 2001 2001 Australia Changi Changi POW camp 2001 2001 Singapore In Pursuit of Peace Japanese occupation of Singapore 2001 2001 Singapore A War Diary Japanese occupation of Singapore 2002 now UK Foyle's War 2004 2005 Japan Zipang An anime TV series about Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force's destroyer that travels through time to early days of WW2. 2006 2007 China Dàdāo xiàng guǐzi men de tóu shàng kǎn qù The last fight during the Sino-Japanese War in 1945 2007 2007 China Gongxun China, the USSR, and Japan launch a win-or-die spy war 2007 2007 China Sentry Under the Neon Lights (霓虹灯下的哨兵) The Eighth Route Army on the Nanjing Road of Shanghai 2007 2007 Poland Tajemnica twierdzy szyfrów (Fortress of Codes) Polish - German espionage thriller, 1945 2007 2007 Hong Kong War and Destiny The Nanjing Massacre 2007 2007 Iran Hungary France Lebanon Zero Degree Turn An Iranian student in occupied Paris loves a Jewish woman 2007 2008 China Xie Se Xiang Xi The Battle of West Hunan 2007 now China Soldiers Sortie 2008 2008 Russia Apostol Life and treachery for a Russian teacher trained as a double agent in German intelligence 2008 2008 Estonia Tuulepealne maa Two Estonian families from World War I until 1941 2008 2010 Poland Czas honoru Cichociemni (SOE agents) and the Polish Resistance 2008 2010 Japan Hetalia: Axis Powers An anime in which characters are national personifications showing interactions of Countries during WWII 2009 now UK Land Girls Drama about the Land Girls 2009 now China My Chief and My Regiment 2009 now France Un village français An Occupied French village, from May, 1940 to... 1 month of war per episode. 2010 now Hong Kong No Regrets Set in the late 1930s to late 1940s in Canton, China during Japanese occupation. List of wars by death toll 60,000,000–72,000,000 - World War II (1939–1945), (see World War II casualties)[91][92] 36,000,000 - An Shi Rebellion (China, 755–763)[93] 30,000,000–60,000,000 - Mongol Conquests (13th century) (see Mongol invasions and Tatar invasions)[94][95][96][97] 25,000,000 - Qing dynasty conquest of Ming dynasty (1616–1662)[98] 20,000,000 - World War I (1914–1918) (see World War I casualties)[99] 20,000,000 - Taiping Rebellion (China, 1850–1864) (see Dungan revolt)[100] 20,000,000 - Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945)[101] 10,000,000 - Warring States Era (China, 475 BC–221 BC) 8,000,000–12,000,000 - Dungan revolt (China, 1862 –1877) 7,000,000 - 20,000,000 Conquests of Tamerlane (1370–1405)[102][103] 5,000,000–9,000,000 - Russian Civil War and Foreign Intervention (1917–1922)[104] 5,000,000 - Conquests of Menelik II of Ethiopia (1882–1898)[105][106] 3,800,000 - 5,400,000 - Second Congo War (1998–2003)[107][108][109] 3,500,000–6,000,000 - Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) (see Napoleonic Wars casualties) 3,000,000–11,500,000 - Thirty Years' War (1618–1648)[110] 3,000,000–7,000,000 - Yellow Turban Rebellion (China, 184–205) 2,500,000–3,500,000 - Korean War (1950–1953) (see Cold War)[111] 2,300,000–3,800,000 - Vietnam War (entire war 1945–1975) 300,000–1,300,000 - First Indochina War (1946–1954) 100,000–300,000 - Vietnamese Civil War (1954–1965) 1,750,000–2,100,000 - American phase (1965–1973) 170,000 - Final phase (1973–1975) 175,000–1,150,000 - Secret War (1953–1975) 2,000,000–4,000,000 - Huguenot Wars[112] 2,000,000 - Shaka's conquests (1816–1828)[113] 300,000–3,000,000[114] - Bangladesh Liberation War (1971) 2,000,000 - Russian-Circassian War (1763–1864) (see Caucasian War) and the exile of another 1.5 million Circassians from there homeland to the Ottoman Empire and another 500,000 Circassians Killed at sea during the Circassian exile from there homeland. 1,500,000–2,000,000 - Afghan Civil War (1979-) 1,000,000–1,500,000 Soviet intervention (1979–1989) 1,300,000–6,100,000 - Chinese Civil War (1927–1949) note that this figure excludes World War II casualties 300,000–3,100,000 before 1937 1,000,000–3,000,000 after World War II 1,000,000–2,000,000 - Mexican Revolution (1910–1920)[115] 1,000,000 - Iran–Iraq War (1980–1988)[116] 1,000,000 - Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)[117] 1,000,000 - Second Sudanese Civil War (1983–2005) 1,000,000 - Panthay Rebellion (China,1856–1873) 1,000,000 - Nien Rebellion (China,1853–1868) 1,000,000 - Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970) 618,000[118] - 970,000 - American Civil War (including 350,000 from disease) (1861–1865) 900,000–1,000,000 - Mozambique Civil War (1975–1994) 868,000[119] - 1,400,000[120] - Seven Years' War (1756–1763) 800,000 - 1,000,000 - Rwandan Civil War (1990–1993) 800,000 - Congo Civil War (1996–1997) 600,000 to 1,300,000 - First Jewish-Roman War (see List of Roman wars) 580,000 - Bar Kokhba’s revolt (132–135CE) 570,000 - Eritrean War of Independence (1961–1991) 550,000 - Somali Civil War (1988- ) 500,000 - 1,000,000 - Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) 500,000 - Angolan Civil War (1975–2002) 500,000 - Ugandan Civil War (1979–1986) 400,000–1,000,000 - War of the Triple Alliance in Paraguay (1864–1870) 400,000 - War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) 371,000 - Continuation War (1941–1944) 350,000 - Great Northern War (1700–1721)[121] 315,000 - 735,000 - Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639–1651) English campaign ~40,000, Scottish 73,000, Irish 200,000-620,000[122] 300,000 - First Burundi Civil War (1972) 300,000 - Darfur conflict (2003-) 250,000 - Bosnian War (1992–1995)[123] 230.000 - 2,000,000 - Eighty Years' War (1568–1648) 270,000–300,000 - Crimean War (1854–1856) 234,000 Philippine-American War (1899–1912)[124] 230,000–1,400,000 - Ethiopian Civil War (1974–1991) 224,000 - Balkan Wars, includes both wars (1912–1913) 220,000 - Liberian Civil War (1989–1995 ) 217,000 - 1,124,303 - War on Terror (9/11/2001–Present)[citation needed] 200,000 - 1,000,000[125][126] - Albigensian Crusade (1208–1259) 200,000–800,000 - Warlord era in China (1916–1928) 200,000 - 400,000 - Politionele acties (Indonesian war of independence) (1945–1949) 200,000 - 220,000 - The Conquest of Chile ((1536-1883) 200,000 - Second Punic War (BC218-BC204) (see List of Roman battles) 200,000 - Sierra Leone Civil War (1992–2001) 200,000 - Algerian Civil War (1991–2002 )[127][128] 200,000 - Guatemalan Civil War (1960–1996) 190,000 - Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) 180,000 - 300,000 - La Violencia (1948–1960) 170,000 - Greek War of Independence (1821–1830) 150,000 - Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990) 150,000 - North Yemen Civil War (1962–1970) 150,000 - Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905) 148,000-1,000,000 - Winter War (1939) 125,000 - Eritrean-Ethiopian War (1998–2000) 120,000 - 384,000 Great Turkish War (1683–1699) (see Ottoman-Habsburg wars) 120,000 - Third Servile War (BC73-BC71) 117,000 - 500,000 - Revolt in the Vendée (1793–1796) 103,359+ - 1,136,920+ - Invasion and Occupation of Iraq (2003–Present) 101,000 - 115,000 - Arab-Israeli conflict (1929- ) 100,500 - Chaco War (1932–1935) 100,000 - 1,000,000 - War of the two brothers (1531–1532) 100,000 - 400,000 - Western New Guinea (1984 - ) (see Genocide in West Papua) 100,000 - 200,000 - Indonesian invasion of East Timor (1975–1978) 100,000 - Persian Gulf War (1990–1991) 100,000–1,000,000 - Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962) 100,000 - Thousand Days War (1899–1902) 100,000 - German Peasants' War (1524–1525)[129] 80,000 - Third Punic War (BC149-BC146) 75,000 - 200,000? - Conquests of Alexander the Great (BC336-BC323) 75,000 - El Salvador Civil War (1980–1992) 75,000 - Second Boer War (1899–1902) 70,000 - Boudica's uprising (AD60-AD61) 69,000 - Internal conflict in Peru (1980- ) 60,000 - Sri Lanka/Tamil conflict (1983–2009) 60,000 - Nicaraguan Rebellion (1972–91) 55,000 - War of the Pacific (1879–1884) 50,000 - 200,000 - First Chechen War (1994–1996) 50,000 - 100,000 - Tajikistan Civil War (1992–1997) 50,000 - Wars of the Roses (1455–1485) (see Wars involving England) 45,000 - Greek Civil War (1945–1949) 41,000–100,000 - Kashmiri insurgency (1989- ) 36,000 - Finnish Civil War (1918) 35,000 - 40,000 - War of the Pacific (1879–1884) 35,000 - 45,000 - Siege of Malta (1565) (see Ottoman wars in Europe) 30,000 - Turkey/PKK conflict (1984- ) 30,000 - Sino-Vietnamese War (1979) 30,000 - Rhodesian Bush War (1964–1979) ~28,000 - 1982 Lebanon War (1982) 25,000 - Second Chechen War (1999–2001)[130] 25,000 - American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) 23,384 - Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 (December 1971) 23,000 - Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988–1994) 20,000 - 49,600 U.S. Invasion of Afghanistan (2001–2002) 19,000+ - Mexican–American War (1846–1848) 14,000+ - Six-Day War (1967) 15,000–20,000 - Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995) 13,000+ - Nepalese Civil War (1996-2006) 11,053 - Malayan Emergency (1948–1960) 11,000 - Spanish-American War (1898) 10,000–20,000 - Libyian civil war (2011–present) 10,000 - Amadu's Jihad (1810–1818) 10,000 - Halabja poison gas attack (1988) 7,264–10,000 - Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 (August–September 1965) 7,000–24,000 - American War of 1812 (1812–1815) 2000-7,000 - Kosovo War (1998–1999) 5,000 - Turkish invasion of Cyprus (1974) 4,600 - Sino-Indian War (1962) 4,000 - Waziristan War (2004–2006) 4,000 - Irish Civil War (1922–23) 3,500 - The Troubles (1969–1998) 3,000 - Civil war in Côte d'Ivoire (2002–2007) 2,899 - New Zealand Land Wars (1845–1872) 2,604–7,000 - Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 (October 1947-December 1948) 2,000 - Football War (1969) 2,000 - Irish War of Independence (1919–21) 1,975–4,500+ - violence in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict (2000–2005) 1,724 - War of Lapland (1945) 1,500 - Romanian Revolution (December 1989) ~1,500 - 2006 Lebanon War 1,000 - Zapatista uprising in Chiapas (1994) 907 - Falklands War (1982) 62 - Slovenian Independence War (1991) American Civil, American Independence, Ares, Armageddon, Arms, Asymmetrical, Attrition, Bacteriological, Barons', Bate, Battle, Biological, Bishop, Chemical, Civil, Clash, Class, Cod, Cold, Combat, Conflict, Crescentade, Crimean, Crusade, Electronic, Emergency, Feud, Fight,, flagrante bello, Flame, Food, Franco-Prussian, Fray, Germ, Gigantomachy, Great, Guer(r)illa, Gulf, Holy, Hostilities, Hot, Hundred Years', Information, Internecine, Jehad, Jenkins' ear, Jihad, Jugurthine, Korean, Krieg, Limited, Mars, Mexican, Napoleonic, Nuclear, Opium, Peasants', Peloponnesian, Peninsular, Phony, Price, Private, propaganda, Psychological, Punic, Push-button, Queen Anne's, Rebellion, Revolutionary, Roses, Russo-Japanese, Secession, Seven against Thebes, Seven Years', Shooting, Six Day, Social, Spam, Spanish-American, Spanish Civil, Star, Stoush, Sword, Terrapin, Theomachy, Thirty Years', Total, Trench, Trojan, Turf, Vietnam, Winter, World, Yom Kippu Arrière-ban, BEF, Blue Ribbon, Church, Colours, Confederate, Crowd, Federal, Field, Fyrd, Golden (Horde), Horde, Host, IRA, Junior Service, Land, Landwehr, Lashkar, Legion, Line, Military, Militia, Mobile Command, Multitude, New Model, Para-military, Red, SA, Sabaoth, Salvation, SAS, Sena, Service, Soldiers, Standing, Swarm, TA, Territorial, Thin red line, Volunteer, War, Wehrmacht

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Period: 20th Century

Year of Issue: 1965

Country of Origin: Great Britain

Modified Item: No

Country/Region of Manufacture: United Kingdom

Number of Pieces: 1

Time Period: 20th Century

Composition: Metal

Collections/ Bulk Lots: 1

Country/Region: British